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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Frailty Assessment in an Aging Mouse Model
Published on: September 23, 2025
Special considerations for the treatment of multiple myeloma according to advanced age, comorbidities, frailty and
Muhammad Asad Fraz1, Faiza Hassan Warraich2, Sami Ullah Warraich1
1Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
Abstract:
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is primarily a disease of old age with a median age of sixty-nine years at diagnosis. The development of novel therapies for induction and use of autologous stem cell transplantation has resulted in improved clinical outcomes and better quality of life for MM patients. Elderly patients, comprising the majority of MM population, have a higher incidence of age-related comorbidities, frailty and organ dysfunction which complicates the coordination of treatment and limits the selection of therapies. Even in the era of multiple chemotherapeutic options, the clinical heterogeneity of the myeloma patients' demands personalized treatments which often require dose-adjustments or dose delays. The use of reduced-dose regimens and various comorbidity indices has improved clinical outcome and regimen tolerability in MM patients with renal, neurological and bone abnormalities. We focus on advancements in the treatment of multiple myeloma with the goal to guide clinicians towards patient-specific management.
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