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Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

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The volume of distribution refers to the theoretical volume necessary to contain the entire amount of an administered drug at the same concentration observed in the blood plasma. The body's intracellular fluid compartment, which makes up two-thirds of the total body water, is contrasted with the extracellular fluid compartment—comprising plasma and interstitial fluid—that accounts for one-third. The volume of distribution can vary depending on the characteristics of the drug.
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The F distribution was named after Sir Ronald Fisher, an English statistician. The F statistic is a ratio (a fraction) with two sets of degrees of freedom; one for the numerator and one for the denominator. The F distribution is derived from the Student's t distribution. The values of the F distribution are squares of the corresponding values of the t distribution. One-Way ANOVA expands the t test for comparing more than two groups. The scope of that derivation is beyond the level of this...
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The apparent volume of distribution (Vd) is a crucial pharmacokinetic parameter representing the hypothetical body fluid volume into which a drug disperses. It is calculated based on the total amount of drug in the body (estimated from the administered dose and bioavailability) divided by the plasma drug concentration. The total amount of drug in the body does not directly refer to the dose given but is derived by accounting for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes.
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Purification of Biotinylated Cell Surface Proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus Epithelial Gut Cells
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Modelling the distribution of Rhipicephalus microplus and R. decoloratus in Zimbabwe.

M Sungirai1, D Z Moyo2, P De Clercq3

  • 1Department of Livestock and Wildlife Management, Midlands State University, Private Bag 9055, Gweru, Zimbabwe; Unit of Entomology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nationalestraat 155, Antwerp 2000, Belgium.

Veterinary Parasitology, Regional Studies and Reports
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Species distribution modelling identified suitable habitats for the invasive Rhipicephalus microplus tick in Zimbabwe. Climate limits further expansion, while Rhipicephalus decoloratus remains widespread, though potentially displaced by the invasive tick.

Keywords:
Habitat suitabilityModellingRhipicephalus (Boophilus)Zimbabwe

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Entomology
  • Ecological Modelling
  • Tropical Animal Health

Background:

  • Ticks transmit pathogens causing significant livestock losses in tropical regions.
  • Rhipicephalus microplus is an invasive tick species with high dispersal potential.
  • Understanding tick distribution is crucial for effective vector management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To model the current and potential future distribution of Rhipicephalus microplus and Rhipicephalus decoloratus in Zimbabwe.
  • To identify key climatic and environmental factors influencing tick habitats.
  • To predict areas of potential competition and displacement between tick species.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized species distribution modelling techniques.
  • Incorporated climatic and environmental variables.
  • Analyzed geographic expansion patterns of Rhipicephalus microplus.

Main Results:

  • Climate is a significant limiting factor for Rhipicephalus microplus expansion, restricting it to favorable eastern and northern areas.
  • Most of Zimbabwe is suitable for Rhipicephalus decoloratus.
  • Rhipicephalus microplus is expected to displace Rhipicephalus decoloratus in overlapping suitable habitats.

Conclusions:

  • Climate change and habitat suitability will shape future tick distributions.
  • Unregulated cattle movement and heterogeneous climate contribute to tick persistence and spread.
  • Effective vector management strategies are needed to mitigate economic losses in livestock production.