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Related Concept Videos

Accelerators01:17

Accelerators

278
Accelerators in concrete serve as admixtures to speed up the hardening process, enabling the concrete to achieve early strength faster. Although accelerators do not necessarily impact the time it takes concrete to set, they reduce this time in practice. A common accelerator is calcium chloride, which is particularly useful for hastening early strength development in cold weather or for rapid repair jobs that require quick heat generation after mixing.
The effectiveness of calcium chloride can...
278
Accelerating Fluids01:17

Accelerating Fluids

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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
The motion of the liquid within this infinitesimal cylinder is considered to obtain the pressure difference. Three vertical forces act on this liquid:
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Instantaneous Acceleration01:16

Instantaneous Acceleration

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Acceleration is in the direction of the change in velocity, but it is not always in the direction of motion. When an object slows down, its acceleration is opposite to the direction of its motion. Although commonly referred to as deceleration, this causes confusion in our analysis as deceleration is not a vector, and does not point to a specific direction with respect to a coordinate system. Therefore, the term deceleration is not used. For example, when a subway train slows down, it...
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Acceleration Vectors01:30

Acceleration Vectors

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In everyday conversation, accelerating means speeding up. Acceleration is a vector in the same direction as the change in velocity, Δv, therefore the greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Since velocity is a vector, it can change in magnitude, direction, or both. Thus acceleration is a change in speed or direction, or both. For example, if a runner traveling at 10 km/h due east slows to a stop, reverses direction, and continues their run at 10 km/h...
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What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

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Overview
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Average Acceleration01:30

Average Acceleration

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The importance of understanding acceleration spans our day-to-day experiences, as well as the vast reaches of outer space and the tiny world of subatomic physics. In everyday conversation, to accelerate means to speed up. For instance, we are familiar with the acceleration of our car; the harder we apply our foot to the gas pedal, the faster we accelerate. The greater the acceleration, the greater the change in velocity over a given time. Acceleration is widely seen in experimental physics. In...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Intranasal Immunization and Milk Collection in Studies of Maternal Immunization in New Zealand White Rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus
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Maternal immunization: A call to accelerate progress.

Azucena Bardají1, Noni E MacDonald2, Saad B Omer3

  • 1ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Vaccine
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal immunization is a proven strategy to prevent infant deaths from infectious diseases. Accelerating progress requires clearer communication of benefits and coordinated action for vaccines like influenza, pertussis, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and Group B Streptococcus (GBS).

Keywords:
ActionCallImmunizationMaternal

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Maternal immunization is a critical, yet underexploited, strategy for reducing neonatal and infant mortality caused by vaccine-preventable infectious diseases.
  • Existing programs target influenza and pertussis, with new vaccines for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and Group B Streptococcus (GBS) under development.
  • Key global health organizations recognize the importance of maternal immunization within broader immunization strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significant potential of maternal immunization in preventing infant mortality.
  • To identify barriers hindering the faster advancement of maternal immunization programs.
  • To advocate for increased prioritization and specific actions to accelerate progress in maternal vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing maternal immunization programs and global health strategies.
  • Analysis of current vaccine development pipelines for maternal targets (RSV, GBS).
  • Assessment of the role of organizations like WHO, GVAP, and Gavi in promoting maternal immunization.

Main Results:

  • Maternal immunization effectively prevents severe disease and reduces infant mortality.
  • Despite recognition, the field's progress is slower than expected due to a need for clearer articulation of benefits and specific action plans.
  • There is a current momentum to coordinate efforts and address knowledge and action gaps.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal immunization is a vital component of life-course immunization, offering substantial public health benefits.
  • Clearer communication, strategic planning, and prioritization are essential to overcome current limitations.
  • Coordinated global efforts are needed to accelerate the development and implementation of maternal vaccines, including those for RSV and GBS.