Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory01:14

Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory

1.1K
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
1.1K
Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex

7.2K
The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
7.2K
Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:23

Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex

2.5K
The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
2.5K
Chronopharmacokinetics: Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics01:20

Chronopharmacokinetics: Time-Dependent Pharmacokinetics

407
Chronopharmacokinetics studies the temporal change in drug absorption and elimination. These changes can be cyclical or non-cyclical. Cyclical changes occur over a regular interval, while non-cyclical changes occur over a longer, irregular period.
Time-dependent pharmacokinetics refers to non-cyclical changes in drug rate processes over a period of time. It can lead to nonlinear pharmacokinetics, where the relationship between drug concentration and time is not proportional. Non-cyclical...
407
The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time02:39

The Integrated Rate Law: The Dependence of Concentration on Time

41.1K
While the differential rate law relates the rate and concentrations of reactants, a second form of rate law called the integrated rate law relates concentrations of reactants and time. Integrated rate laws can be used to determine the amount of reactant or product present after a period of time or to estimate the time required for a reaction to proceed to a certain extent. For example, an integrated rate law helps determine the length of time a radioactive material must be stored for its...
41.1K
Control Volume and System Representations01:16

Control Volume and System Representations

1.5K
Two key frameworks are employed to analyze mass, energy, and momentum transfer: the control volume approach and the system approach. These frameworks offer different perspectives, depending on whether the focus is on a specific region in space (control volume approach) or a defined mass of fluid (system approach).
The control volume approach considers a stationary region in space through which fluid flows. This region is bounded by a control surface.  For instance, in the case of water...
1.5K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Divergent modes of episodic organization underlie whether emotional learning enhances memory across event boundaries.

Psychonomic bulletin & review·2026
Same author

Stress disrupts hippocampal integration of overlapping events and memory inference in humans.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Cortex-wide Dynamics of Internal Decisions About Behavioral Context.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Prediction Error-Related Memory Enhancement Depends on the Neural State Surrounding the Prediction Error Event.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same author

The STRESS-EU database: A European resource of human acute stress studies for the worldwide research community.

Neuroscience applied·2025
Same author

Memory Boost for Recurring Emotional Events Is Driven by Initial Amygdala Response Promoting Stable Neocortical Patterns across Repetitions.

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience·2025
Same journal

Lifespan Trajectories of the Brain's Functional Complexity Characterized by Multiscale Sample Entropy.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Pleasant fragrance modulates dyadic social sharing of positive emotion: Sharer-centered socioemotional enhancement effect and its neural couplings.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Altered Functional Hierarchical and Sequential Organization in Individuals with Schizophrenia during Auditory Processing.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Mechanical Deformation Explains Distinct Neuroimaging Patterns and Etiologies in Brain Trauma.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

Ventral striatum temporal interference brain stimulation enhances the reward-positivity event-related potential and reduces anxiety.

NeuroImage·2026
Same journal

NeuroHarm‑Kit: An Open‑Source Toolbox for Benchmarking Deep‑Learning Harmonization of Multi‑Site T1‑Weighted MRI.

NeuroImage·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
07:42

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Published on: August 17, 2018

12.5K

Time-dependent motor memory representations in prefrontal cortex.

Lisa C Dandolo1, Lars Schwabe1

  • 1Department of Cognitive Psychology, University of Hamburg, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.

Neuroimage
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Motor sequence memories show neural reorganization over time, with increased frontal cortex involvement after 28 days compared to 1 day. This suggests that motor memories, like episodic memories, undergo significant neural changes as they age.

Keywords:
Middle frontal gyrusMotor memoryMotor sequence learningSerial reaction time taskSuperior frontal gyrus

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Studying Drug Impacts on Brain Signals Using Dual LFP Recording Protocol in Mice
04:44

Author Spotlight: Studying Drug Impacts on Brain Signals Using Dual LFP Recording Protocol in Mice

Published on: February 16, 2024

2.1K
Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
12:09

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 14, 2014

19.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
07:42

Combined Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Electroencephalography of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Published on: August 17, 2018

12.5K
Author Spotlight: Studying Drug Impacts on Brain Signals Using Dual LFP Recording Protocol in Mice
04:44

Author Spotlight: Studying Drug Impacts on Brain Signals Using Dual LFP Recording Protocol in Mice

Published on: February 16, 2024

2.1K
Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
12:09

Stimulating the Lip Motor Cortex with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: June 14, 2014

19.7K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Episodic memories typically reorganize towards neocortical areas over time.
  • It remains unclear if other memory types, such as motor sequence memories, undergo similar neural reorganization.
  • Understanding memory evolution is crucial for cognitive science.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal evolution of neural underpinnings for motor sequence memories.
  • To determine if motor sequence memories exhibit time-dependent neural reorganization.
  • To compare the neural activity associated with recent versus aged motor memories.

Main Methods:

  • Participants learned a motor sequence task.
  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to scan participants during a retention test 1 day and 28 days post-training.
  • Bayesian fMRI analyses and searchlight representational similarity analysis were employed.

Main Results:

  • Motor sequence memory was retained at both 1-day and 28-day intervals.
  • Increased activity in the middle frontal gyrus and frontal pole was observed 28 days versus 1 day after learning.
  • Lateral frontal areas showed greater involvement in differentiating memory patterns for older memories, without a decrease in activity in areas relevant to initial learning.

Conclusions:

  • Motor sequence memories undergo neural reorganization over time, involving increased reliance on lateral frontal areas.
  • This temporal evolution of neural representation is not accompanied by a decrease in activity in initially involved regions.
  • Findings suggest that non-episodic memories also exhibit age-related neural reorganization, expanding our understanding of memory consolidation.