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Reducing Willow Wood Fuel Emission by Low Temperature Microwave Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization
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Current forest carbon fixation fuels stream CO2 emissions.

A Campeau1, K Bishop2, N Amvrosiadi3

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences: Air, Water and Landscape, Uppsala University, Villavägen 16, 752 36, Uppsala, Sweden. audrey.campeau@geo.uu.se.

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Forest streams release recently captured carbon dioxide (CO2) directly to the atmosphere, bypassing soil carbon pools. This finding reveals a critical feedback loop in forest carbon cycling sensitive to environmental changes.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Biogeochemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Stream carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions significantly impact climate forcing.
  • Groundwater inputs are suspected to sustain stream CO2 emissions, but pathways remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biogeochemical pathways and timescales of lateral CO2 export from streams.
  • To determine the source and age of CO2 emitted from streams in a boreal forest ecosystem.

Main Methods:

  • Extensive radiocarbon (14C) characterization of CO2 and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in stream water.
  • Analysis of CO2 and DOC from groundwater sources within an old-growth boreal forest.

Main Results:

  • Stream CO2 showed radiocarbon levels consistent with contemporary atmospheric CO2.
  • Stream CO2 14C levels were largely independent of the 14C-DOC in the same water samples.
  • Indicates a direct, rapid pathway for CO2 return to the atmosphere.

Conclusions:

  • Stream CO2 emissions act as a 'shortcut' for recently photosynthesized carbon from forest vegetation to the atmosphere.
  • This represents a positive feedback in forest catchment carbon budgets.
  • Stream CO2 emissions are highly sensitive to forest carbon allocation shifts driven by climate and land-use changes.