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Anion transport in astrocytes.

H K Kimelberg, C L Bowman, H Hirata

    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
    |January 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary

    Glial cells utilize electrically neutral anion transport systems, including chloride/chloride or chloride/bicarbonate exchange and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport. These systems significantly influence cellular chloride flux and membrane potential.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Cell Biology
    • Physiology

    Background:

    • Glia play crucial roles in brain function, including ion homeostasis.
    • Understanding anion transport in glia is essential for comprehending neuronal-glial interactions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanisms of anion transport systems in primary astrocyte cultures.
    • To determine the contribution of these systems to glial membrane potential and function.

    Main Methods:

    • Primary astrocyte cultures from neonatal rat brains were used.
    • Anion transport was studied using 36Cl- flux assays.
    • Inhibitors like SITS, furosemide, and bumetanide were employed.
    • Electrophysiological techniques assessed membrane potential changes.

    Main Results:

    • Astrocytes exhibit SITS-sensitive chloride/chloride or chloride/bicarbonate anion exchange.
    • Furosemide- and bumetanide-sensitive Na+ + K+ + 2Cl- cotransport was identified.
    • These transporters mediate a major component of glial chloride flux.
    • An alpha-receptor-mediated depolarization is influenced by chloride gradients, suggesting a role for chloride conductance.

    Conclusions:

    • Glial cells possess distinct electrically neutral anion transport systems.
    • These systems contribute to glial chloride homeostasis and influence membrane potential.
    • Chloride ions play a significant role in alpha-receptor-mediated responses in astrocytes.

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