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Thyroid Function Decline and Diet in Female High School Long-distance Runners
Yukari Iwasaki1, Kimiko Miyahara, Nobuyuki Miyatake
1Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
Acta Medica Okayama
|April 25, 2019
Summary
Female long-distance runners often have low thyroid hormone levels, impacting bone density and menstrual health. Proper nutrient intake and thyroid function maintenance are crucial for these athletes.
Area of Science:
- Sports Medicine
- Endocrinology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Female athletes, particularly long-distance runners, are susceptible to unique physiological challenges.
- Thyroid function plays a critical role in metabolism, bone health, and reproductive function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate thyroid function in female high school long-distance runners.
- To examine the relationship between thyroid function, menstrual status, bone mineral density (BMD), nutritional status, and body composition.
Main Methods:
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for body composition and BMD assessment.
- Dietary surveys to assess energy and nutrient intake.
- Blood tests to measure thyroid hormones (free T3, TSH) and estradiol.
Main Results:
- A high prevalence of underweight (81.3%) was observed (BMI <18.5).
- Decreased free T3 levels were noted, with TSH levels similar to those in anorexia nervosa.
- Thyroid hormone levels were significantly associated with BMD and nutritional intake.
Conclusions:
- Thyroid dysfunction may be present in underweight female distance runners.
- Maintaining thyroid function and ensuring adequate nutrient intake are vital for improving menstrual abnormalities and bone density in female athletes.
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