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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Continuous Manual Exchange Transfusion for Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: An Efficient Method to Avoid Iron Overload
Published on: March 14, 2017
Exchange Transfusion and Cytarabine for Transient Abnormal Myelopoiesis in Hydrops Fetalis
Tomoka Okamura1, Yousuke Washio, Junko Yoshimoto
1Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan.
Abstract:
Most cases of transient abnormal myelopoiesis (TAM) in neonates with Down syndrome (DS) resolve spontaneously; however, DS-TAM neonates with hydrops fetalis (HF) show poor clinical outcomes. We report three infants with DS-TAM and HF who were treated with exchange transfusion (ET) followed by low-dose cytarabine (LD-CA). All of them survived without developing liver failure, acute leukemia, or other serious adverse events. Our results suggest that this combination treatment with ET and LD-CA would be safe, tolerable and effective as an novel approach for DS-TAM patients with HF.
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