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Adverse Effect Profile and Effectiveness of Sodium Glucose Co-transporter 2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) - A Prospective

Harmandeep Kaur Gill1, Parjeet Kaur1, Shama Mahendru1

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Medanta The Medicity, Gurugram, Haryana, India.

Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) show comparable effectiveness for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) management in real-world Asian settings. However, adverse effects like genitourinary infections occurred more frequently than in clinical trials.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) demonstrate efficacy in clinical trials for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
  • Limited real-world data exists for SGLT2i use in Asian populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the safety and effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in a real-world setting for T2DM patients in Asia.
  • To compare real-world outcomes with findings from clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational longitudinal study.
  • Consecutive T2DM patients initiated on SGLT2i between April 2015 and March 2016.
  • Adverse effects and metabolic parameters monitored at 3-month intervals for up to 1 year.

Main Results:

  • 486 patients initiated on SGLT2i; 388 had data at 6 months.
  • Adverse effects reported in 38.6% of patients, primarily genitourinary tract infections (20.6%) and generalized weakness (10.5%).
  • Significant reductions in HbA1c (1.26% at 6 months, 1.27% at 12 months) and weight (3.2 kg at 6 months, 3.9 kg at 12 months) were observed.

Conclusions:

  • SGLT2i use in T2DM patients in a hot climate was associated with a higher incidence of adverse effects compared to clinical trials.
  • The effectiveness of SGLT2i in terms of glycemic control and weight reduction was comparable to clinical trial findings.
  • Patient education on hydration and hygiene is crucial for maximizing SGLT2i benefits and mitigating risks.
Keywords:
EffectivenessSGLT2ireal worldsafetytype 2 diabetes

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