Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Establishing a High Throughput Epidermal Spheroid Culture System to Model Keratinocyte Stem Cell Plasticity
Published on: January 30, 2021
A long-wave UVA filter avobenzone induces obesogenic phenotypes in normal human epidermal keratinocytes and
Sungjin Ahn1,2, Seungchan An1,2, Moonyoung Lee1,2
1College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
Avobenzone is the most commonly used ultraviolet (UV) A filter ingredient in sunscreen. To investigate the biological activity of avobenzone in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs), the genome-scale transcriptional profile of NHEKs was performed. In this microarray study, we found 273 up-regulated and 274 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in NHEKs treated with avobenzone (10 μM). Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that avobenzone significantly increased the DEGs associated with lipid metabolism in NHEKs. In addition, avobenzone increased the gene transcription of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty acid binding protein 4 in NHEKs, implicating that avobenzone may be one of the metabolic disrupting obesogens. To confirm the obesogenic potential, we examined the effect of avobenzone on adipogenesis in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). Avobenzone (EC50, 14.1 μM) significantly promoted adipogenesis in hBM-MSCs as its positive control obesogenic chemicals. Avobenzone (10 μM) significantly up-regulated mRNA levels of PPARγ during adipogenesis in hBM-MSCs. However, avobenzone did not directly bind to PPARγ and the avobenzone-induced adipogenesis-promoting activity was not affected by PPARγ antagonists T0070907 and GW9662. Therefore, avobenzone promoted adipogenesis in hBM-MSCs through a PPARγ-independent mechanism. This study suggests that avobenzone functions as a metabolic disrupting obesogen.
Related Concept Videos
Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells
Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Somatic...
Passive Filters
Low-Pass Filters
Low-pass filters are designed to transmit signals with frequencies lower than the cutoff frequency, ωc, and attenuate those above it. The cutoff...

