Cardiac adaptation to exercise training in health and disease
Dae Yun Seo1, Hyo-Bum Kwak2, Amy Hyein Kim1
1National Research Laboratory for Mitochondrial Signaling, Department of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, BK21 Plus Project Team, College of Medicine, Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, Inje University, 75 Bokji-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan, 47392, Republic of Korea.
Abstract:
The heart is the primary pump that circulates blood through the entire cardiovascular system, serving many important functions in the body. Exercise training provides favorable anatomical and physiological changes that reduce the risk of heart disease and failure. Compared with pathological cardiac hypertrophy, exercise-induced physiological cardiac hypertrophy leads to an improvement in heart function. Exercise-induced cardiac remodeling is associated with gene regulatory mechanisms and cellular signaling pathways underlying cellular, molecular, and metabolic adaptations. Exercise training also promotes mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative capacity leading to a decrease in cardiovascular disease. In this review, we summarized the exercise-induced adaptation in cardiac structure and function to understand cellular and molecular signaling pathways and mechanisms in preclinical and clinical trials.
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