Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Frog Muscle Response01:14

Design Example: Frog Muscle Response

589
A student is tasked to work on an intriguing experiment involving an RL (Resistor-Inductor) circuit to study the muscle response of a frog's leg to electrical stimulation. The RL circuit plays a crucial role in this experiment, providing the means to control and measure the electrical impulses that trigger muscle contraction.
When the switch connecting the RL circuit is closed, a brief muscle contraction is observed. This is because, at a steady state, the inductor acts like a short...
589
Group Design02:01

Group Design

10.3K
The most basic experimental design involves two groups: the experimental group and the control group. The two groups are designed to be the same except for one difference— experimental manipulation. The experimental group gets the experimental manipulation—that is, the treatment or variable being tested—and the control group does not. Since experimental manipulation is the only difference between the experimental and control groups, we can be sure that any differences between...
10.3K
Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

8.3K
In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.3K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

10.9K
Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
10.9K
Ethical Issues01:27

Ethical Issues

2.1K
Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
2.1K
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

14.7K
Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
14.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Remote Ischemic Conditioning on Infarct Growth in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: Subgroup Analysis From the RESIST Trial.

Stroke (Hoboken, N.J.)·2026
Same author

Spinal cord FDG PET uptake in healthy adults: an AI-driven segmentation study.

European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society·2026
Same author

Quantification of Costal Cartilage Calcification Using <sup>18</sup>F-NaF-PET/CT.

Journal of imaging·2026
Same author

<sup>18</sup>F-NaF and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT imaging of spinal instrumentation: case report and review of the literature.

American journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging·2026
Same author

Sex-Specific Growth Rates of Ascending Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms in Non-Syndromic Patients: A Systematic Review.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Observations and investigation of STR genotype inconsistencies due to mutations, silent alleles, and uniparental disomy in South African populations.

Forensic science international. Genetics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT
10:28

Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT

Published on: January 22, 2018

11.5K

PET/CT-Based Response Evaluation in Cancer-a Systematic Review of Design Issues.

Oke Gerke1,2, Karen Ehlers3,4, Edith Motschall5

  • 1Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark. oke.gerke@rsyd.dk.

Molecular Imaging and Biology
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Optimizing cancer treatment response evaluation with positron emission tomography/x-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) requires addressing key trial design issues. Current research often fails to tackle these essential elements, necessitating larger multicenter studies for robust PET/CT implementation.

Keywords:
CancerPositron emission tomographyResponse evaluationSUVmaxStudy designSystematic review

More Related Videos

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer
06:51

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer

Published on: July 21, 2018

18.6K
Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice
07:54

Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice

Published on: December 21, 2019

7.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT
10:28

Gene Regulation and Targeted Therapy in Gastric Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis: Radiological Findings from Dual Energy CT and PET/CT

Published on: January 22, 2018

11.5K
Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer
06:51

Utilizing 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging and Quantitative Histology to Measure Dynamic Changes in the Glucose Metabolism in Mouse Models of Lung Cancer

Published on: July 21, 2018

18.6K
Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice
07:54

Implantation and Monitoring by PET/CT of an Orthotopic Model of Human Pleural Mesothelioma in Athymic Mice

Published on: December 21, 2019

7.3K

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Clinical Trial Design

Background:

  • Positron emission tomography/x-ray computed tomography (PET/CT) is a promising imaging technique for assessing cancer treatment response.
  • However, optimal clinical trial design for PET/CT response evaluation, including scan timing, quantification methods, and rule development, remains unclear.
  • Existing studies often do not fully address these critical design considerations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the literature on PET/CT use for cancer response evaluation.
  • To identify how key design issues such as scan number/timing, quantification, and rule development have been addressed in published studies.
  • To highlight gaps in the research and suggest future directions for optimizing PET/CT in clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline and Web of Science for studies published since 2015.
  • Included studies focused on cancer patients undergoing PET/CT before and during/after treatment.
  • Studies were categorized as developmental (establishing rules) or evaluative (testing rules), with data extracted on design elements and methodology.

Main Results:

  • Out of 124 included papers, most were accuracy/prognostic studies (90%), with no randomized controlled trials found.
  • The majority of studies were prospective (62%) and single-center (85%), with a median of 38.5 patients.
  • Most studies used a single post-baseline scan (69%), relied on SUVmax for quantification (91%), and used change over time for rule development (79%).
  • Half the studies were developmental, with many assessing only one design element, often cut-off points.

Conclusions:

  • The majority of published studies have not adequately addressed the essential design issues for establishing PET/CT as a reliable tool for cancer response evaluation.
  • There is a need for larger, multicenter studies to systematically compare different methodological options for PET/CT response assessment.
  • Such studies are crucial for optimizing the use of PET/CT in clinical trials and improving cancer patient management.