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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

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A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term...
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Primary Active Transport01:47

Primary Active Transport

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps that are embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction...
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Primary Active Transport01:29

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In contrast to passive transport, active transport involves a substance being moved through membranes in a direction against its concentration or electrochemical gradient. There are two types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport. Primary active transport utilizes chemical energy from ATP to drive protein pumps embedded in the cell membrane. With energy from ATP, the pumps transport ions against their electrochemical gradients—a direction they would...
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Primary and Secondary Growth in Roots and Shoots03:02

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Vascular plants, which account for over 90% of the Earth’s vegetation, all undergo primary growth—which lengthens roots and shoots. Many land plants, notably woody plants, also undergo secondary growth—which thickens roots and shoots.
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Primary Distribution01:28

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Primary distribution systems deliver electrical power from substations to consumers through various voltage classes, with 15-kV class voltages being predominant among U.S. utilities. Older 2.5- and 5-kV classes are being replaced by 15-kV primaries, while higher 25- to 34.5-kV classes are used in high-density urban areas and rural regions with long feeders. Three-phase, four-wire multigrounded systems are widely employed for balanced power delivery, using the neutral wire as a grounding point.
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Primary Production01:06

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The total amount of energy acquired by primary producers in an ecosystem is called gross primary production (GPP). However, of this energy, producers use some for metabolic processes, and some is lost as heat, decreasing the amount of energy available to the next trophic level. The remaining usable amount of energy is called the net primary productivity (NPP). In terrestrial ecosystems, NPP is driven by climate, while light penetration and nutrient availability drive NPP in aquatic ecosystems.
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Changing Nomenclature for PBC: From 'Cirrhosis' to 'Cholangitis'.

Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology : the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association·2015
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Changing nomenclature for PBC: from 'cirrhosis' to 'cholangitis'.

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Changing nomenclature for PBC: From 'cirrhosis' to 'cholangitis'.

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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Biliary Drainage: Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy in Malignant Biliary Obstruction
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Proteomics in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

You Li1, Ruqui Tang1, Patrick S C Leung2

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers used isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) to identify differentially expressed proteins in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). This approach aids in discovering biomarkers and understanding PBC

Keywords:
BioinformaticsDifferentially expressed proteinsFull-scan MS spectraHigh pH reverse phase liquid chromatography (RHPLC)Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)PlasmaPrimary biliary cholangitisProteomics

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Proteomics
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease.
  • Its pathophysiology, involving antimitochondrial antibodies and bile duct destruction, remains incompletely understood.
  • Proteomics offers valuable tools for disease research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify differentially expressed proteins in PBC patients compared to healthy controls.
  • To discover potential biomarkers for PBC diagnosis and prognosis.
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying PBC.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
  • Analyzing complex protein mixtures to quantify protein expression levels.
  • Comparing protein profiles between PBC patients and healthy individuals.

Main Results:

  • Identification of specific proteins with altered expression in PBC.
  • Potential protein biomarkers for PBC were discovered.
  • Insights into molecular pathways implicated in PBC pathogenesis were gained.

Conclusions:

  • iTRAQ-based proteomics is effective for identifying differentially expressed proteins in PBC.
  • This strategy can aid in biomarker discovery and understanding PBC pathophysiology.
  • Further research can leverage these findings for improved PBC management.