Exosomal microRNA-155-5p from PDLSCs regulated Th17/Treg balance by targeting sirtuin-1 in chronic periodontitis

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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile
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Isolation and Profiling of MicroRNA-containing Exosomes from Human Bile

Published on: June 13, 2016

10.8K

Ya Zheng1,2, Chen Dong2, Junling Yang2

  • 1Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.

Journal of Cellular Physiology
|April 25, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Periodontal ligament stem cell exosomes modulate T cell balance in periodontitis. These exosomes, influenced by Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, offer potential therapeutic targets for chronic periodontitis by regulating the Th17/Treg/miR-155-5p/SIRT1 network.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Periodontology
  • Stem Cell Biology

Background:

  • Chronic periodontitis involves complex inflammation and systemic injury.
  • T helper 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) balance is disrupted in periodontitis patients.
  • Exosomes play a significant role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of exosomes derived from periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) in modulating the immune microenvironment of periodontitis.
  • To identify key molecular regulators within these exosomes involved in periodontitis pathogenesis.
  • To explore potential therapeutic targets for chronic periodontitis.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated periodontitis inflammatory microenvironment using Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • Isolated exosomes from PDLSCs under normal and LPS-induced inflammatory conditions.
  • Analyzed the effects of exosomes on CD4+ T cells and quantified microRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression.

Main Results:

  • Exosomes from LPS-stimulated PDLSCs altered CD4+ T cell responses.
  • Exosomes from inflamed PDLSCs showed lower miR-155-5p and higher SIRT1 expression compared to normal PDLSCs.
  • A regulatory network involving Th17/Treg/miR-155-5p/SIRT1 was identified, through which PDLSC exosomes alleviated the inflammatory microenvironment.

Conclusions:

  • PDLSC-derived exosomes can modulate the Th17/Treg balance in periodontitis.
  • The miR-155-5p/SIRT1 axis within exosomes is a critical factor in this modulation.
  • These findings suggest PDLSC exosomes and their cargo represent promising therapeutic targets for chronic periodontitis.
Keywords:
Sirtuin-1Th17/Treg balanceexosomesmicroRNA-155-5pperiodontal ligament stem cells

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