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Tandem Mass Spectrometry01:21

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Tandem mass spectrometry is a technique that uses multiple mass analyzers in series to obtain a higher selectivity and reduce chemical noise during analyte detection. Instruments with multiple analyzers separated by an interaction cell enable secondary fragmentation and selected study of the fragment ions.Secondary fragmentations occur in the interaction cell and can be induced by various factors. Fragmentation induced by collision with inert gases, such as N2, Ar, He, etc., is called...
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Tandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is an analytical technique that employs two mass analyzers. Essentially it is a series of mass spectrometers that helps isolate a particular biomolecule and then helps study its chemical properties.
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Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to determine the molecular mass and molecular formula of a compound. The basic principle of mass spectrometry is to generate ions from the analyte molecule and measure these ion abundances against their molecular mass. One common type of ionization, known as electron ionization or EI, bombards the analyte molecules in the gas phase with high-energy electron beams. The electron beams displace an electron from the molecule and leave behind a...
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In mass spectroscopy, amines undergo fragmentation to give parent ions with odd molecule weights. This observed mass spectrum follows the nitrogen rule; a molecule with an odd number of nitrogen atoms produces a molecular ion with an odd molecular weight. Amines undergo fragmentation through α cleavage, producing nitrogen-containing cations—iminium ions—and alkyl radicals. Mass spectra of aromatic and cyclic aliphatic amines exhibit strong molecular ion peaks, but acyclic...
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Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
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Mass spectrometry is a powerful characterization technique that can identify and separate a wide variety of compounds ranging from chemical to biological entities, based on their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The instruments that allow this detection, known as mass spectrometers, have three components: an ion source, a mass analyzer, and a detector. These spectrometers differ based on the nature of their ion source and analyzers.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) is a commonly...
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Automatic Full Glycan Structural Determination through Logically Derived Sequence Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Shang-Ting Tsai1, Chia Yen Liew1,2, Chen Hsu1

  • 1Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, P. O. Box 23-166, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.

Chembiochem : a European Journal of Chemical Biology
|April 25, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a new mass spectrometry method for fully identifying complex glycan structures, including stereoisomers and linkage positions. This advance enables precise carbohydrate analysis from biological samples with high sensitivity.

Keywords:
HPLCglycoconjugatesmass spectrometryoligosaccharidesstructure elucidation

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Semi-Quantitative Analysis of Peptidoglycan by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry and Bioinformatics
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Area of Science:

  • Glycomics and Structural Biology
  • Mass Spectrometry Applications
  • Carbohydrate Chemistry

Background:

  • Glycans are crucial in biological processes like immunity and disease, but their complex structures pose analytical challenges.
  • Conventional methods for glycan structure determination are often sample-intensive and limited in scope.
  • Current mass spectrometry techniques provide partial structural information, hindering complete characterization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for complete de novo structural identification of glycans.
  • To determine all structural features, including diastereomers, anomeric configurations, and glycosidic linkages.
  • To enable automated, high-sensitivity glycan analysis directly from biological samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized tandem mass spectrometry guided by a logically derived sequence (LODES) for targeted fragmentation.
  • Employed a minimal set of collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra for comprehensive structural elucidation.
  • Integrated the LODES-guided mass spectrometry approach with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for automated analysis.

Main Results:

  • Successfully determined the complete structures of glycans, including stereochemical details and linkage positions.
  • Identified a specific trisaccharide from a complex mixture and bovine milk, distinguishing it from nearly 3000 potential isomers.
  • Demonstrated the feasibility of automated, in situ structural determination of oligosaccharides using the developed method.

Conclusions:

  • The LODES-guided tandem mass spectrometry approach enables comprehensive glycan structure determination with high sensitivity.
  • This method overcomes limitations of conventional techniques and current mass spectrometry, providing full structural insights.
  • The automation potential of this technique facilitates high-throughput and precise glycan analysis in various biological contexts.