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Development of novel vaccines against human cytomegalovirus

Xinle Cui1, Clifford M Snapper1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|April 25, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Developing a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) vaccine is a priority due to significant disease burden. Novel multi-antigen vaccine strategies show promise for superior protection against HCMV infection.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Congenital human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection and HCMV in immunosuppressed patients cause substantial morbidity and mortality.
  • HCMV vaccine development is a critical public health goal, with 50 years of research yielding promising preclinical and clinical trial results.
  • Both humoral and T cell-mediated immune responses to HCMV are linked to protection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements and novel approaches in HCMV vaccine development.
  • To highlight the potential of rationally designed vaccine candidates to offer superior protection compared to natural immunity.
  • To emphasize the importance of multi-antigen strategies for maximizing protective immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical trial data for HCMV vaccine candidates.
  • Analysis of immune responses, including humoral and T cell-mediated immunity, elicited by HCMV infection and vaccination.
  • Evaluation of novel vaccine design strategies, focusing on protein antigens and conformational epitopes.

Main Results:

  • Encouraging results from ongoing HCMV vaccine research, despite no licensed vaccine to date.
  • Demonstration that novel vaccine candidates may provide superior protection over natural HCMV immunity.
  • Identification of rationally designed HCMV protein antigens with native conformational epitopes as key for optimal immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Multi-antigen HCMV vaccine candidates are most likely to succeed in achieving protective immunity.
  • Further development of rationally designed HCMV vaccines holds significant potential for public health.
  • Optimizing vaccine design to elicit robust and broad immune responses is crucial for an effective HCMV vaccine.

Keywords:
Human cytomegalovirusT cell immunitycongenital infectionhematopoietic stem cell transplantationneutralizing antibodysolid organ transplantationvaccine

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