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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Bioenergetic basis for the increased fatigability with ageing.

Christopher W Sundberg1,2, Robert W Prost3, Robert H Fitts1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, USA.

The Journal of Physiology
|April 25, 2019
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Older adults experience greater muscle fatigability during exercise due to increased metabolite accumulation, not reduced muscle oxidative capacity. This highlights a bioenergetic basis for age-related exercise limitations.

Keywords:
31P-MRSacidosisageingdiprotonated phosphateinorganic phosphatemetabolismmuscle fatigue

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Aging Research
  • Skeletal Muscle Metabolism

Background:

  • Age-related decline in physical function is common.
  • Mechanisms behind increased fatigability in older adults during dynamic exercise are not fully understood.
  • Skeletal muscle bioenergetics may play a crucial role.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if age-related differences in skeletal muscle bioenergetics contribute to increased fatigability during dynamic exercise.
  • To determine the association between metabolite accumulation and age-related fatigability.

Main Methods:

  • Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) was used to measure high-energy phosphates and pH in the knee extensors of young and old adults.
  • Muscle oxidative capacity was assessed via phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery kinetics.
  • A dynamic knee extension exercise protocol was employed to induce fatigue.

Main Results:

  • Muscle oxidative capacity did not differ between young and old adults.
  • Fatigability was approximately 1.8-fold greater in older adults.
  • Increased fatigability in older adults was associated with greater accumulation of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and diprotonated phosphate (H2PO4-) and a greater decrease in intracellular pH.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related increases in fatigability during dynamic exercise are linked to impaired skeletal muscle bioenergetics.
  • Greater accumulation of metabolites, specifically Pi and H2PO4-, and reduced pH contribute significantly to age-related muscle fatigue.
  • These findings suggest a metabolic basis for reduced exercise capacity in older individuals.