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Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies
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Higher urinary cortisol levels associate with increased cardiovascular risk.

Andrea V Haas1, Paul N Hopkins2, Nancy J Brown3

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

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|April 25, 2019
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Summary

Higher physiologic cortisol levels and carrying the caveolin-1 risk allele are independently linked to increased cardiovascular risk. This study clarifies conflicting data using a large sample and controlled methods.

Keywords:
Caveolin-1Framingham risk scorecardiovascular healthcortisol

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Conflicting data exist regarding the association between physiologic cortisol levels and cardiovascular risk.
  • Previous studies may be limited by sample size, cardiovascular risk assessment methods, and inadequate control for environmental factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if higher, yet physiologic, cortisol levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
  • To investigate if caveolin-1 (rs926198) risk allele carriers are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study of 574 non-diabetic individuals was conducted.
  • Cardiovascular risk was assessed using the Framingham risk score.
  • Participants were categorized into low-mode and high-mode urine-free cortisol groups based on a bimodal distribution.

Main Results:

  • The Framingham risk score was statistically higher in the high-mode cortisol group (10.22 ± 0.43) compared to the low-mode group (7.73 ± 0.34) (P < 0.001).
  • Framingham risk score was also higher in caveolin-1 risk allele carriers (8.91 ± 0.37) versus non-carriers (7.59 ± 0.48) (P = 0.034).
  • Both urinary cortisol levels and caveolin-1 risk allele status independently predicted the Framingham risk score.

Conclusions:

  • Physiologic variations in urinary cortisol levels are associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
  • Carrying the caveolin-1 risk allele is an independent predictor of elevated cardiovascular risk.
  • This study provides robust evidence clarifying the relationship between cortisol, genetics, and cardiovascular health.