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Among the three main modes of HGT—transformation, conjugation, and transduction—transduction is unique in that it is mediated by bacteriophages, or bacterial viruses.Transduction occurs in two ways. Generalized transduction occurs during the lytic cycle of a bacteriophage infection. In this process, bacteriophages infect bacterial cells, replicate within them, and ultimately cause cell lysis, releasing newly assembled virions. Occasionally, random fragments of the bacterial genome...
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Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. One example of a machine is the cutting plier, which is used to cut wires by applying forces to its handles. When equal and opposite forces are exerted on the handles of the cutting plier, they cause the cutting edges to come together and apply equal and opposite reaction forces on the wire, which are greater than the applied forces.
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Machines are complex structures consisting of movable, pin-connected multi-force members that work together to transmit forces. Consider a lifting tong carrying a 100 kg load. It comprises movable sections DAF and CBG linked together with member AB.
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In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...
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In biological systems, most metabolic pathways are interconnected. The cellular respiration processes that convert glucose to ATP—such as glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle—tie into those that break down other organic compounds. As a result, various foods—from apples to cheese to guacamole—end up as ATP. In addition to carbohydrates, food also contains proteins and lipids—such as cholesterol and fats. All of these organic compounds are used...
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A toggle clamp is a mechanical device commonly used for holding and clamping objects in various applications, such as woodworking, metalworking, and assembly operations. Consider a toggle clamp subjected to a force of 200 N at the handle. The vertical clamping force can be calculated, provided the dimensions of the toggle clamp are known.
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Machine Learning Algorithms for Early Detection of Bone Metastases in an Experimental Rat Model
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Developments in Transduction, Connectivity and AI/Machine Learning for Point-of-Care Testing.

Shane O'Sullivan1, Zulfiqur Ali2, Xiaoyi Jiang3

  • 1Department of Pathology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-060, Brazil. doctorshaneosullivan@gmail.com.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Emerging trends in point-of-care testing (POCT) leverage portable diagnostics, mobile connectivity, and AI-driven data analytics for infectious and non-communicable diseases. These advancements enhance clinical diagnostics, particularly in resource-limited settings.

Keywords:
POCTartificial intelligencedeep learningmicrofluidicsmobile phonephotonics

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Data Science

Background:

  • Patient demand for accessible diagnostics drives Point-of-Care Testing (POCT).
  • Portable diagnostics, including Lab-on-chip and microfluidic systems, are advancing rapidly.
  • Integration of mobile technology and sophisticated data analytics is crucial for modern POCT.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging trends in transduction, connectivity, and data analytics for POCT.
  • To highlight the role of portable diagnostics and mobile integration in POCT.
  • To explore the application of AI/Machine learning in POCT data analysis and its potential in resource-limited countries.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on POCT technologies, focusing on transduction, connectivity, and data analytics.
  • Description of novel electrochemical and photonic systems for POCT.
  • Analysis of mobile phone integration and AI/Machine learning methodologies for POCT data interpretation.

Main Results:

  • Advancements in portable diagnostics like Lab-on-chip and microfluidic systems are enabling sophisticated POCT.
  • Mobile phones serve as key hardware and connectivity components for distributed POCT.
  • AI and Machine learning, including deep learning, offer powerful tools for analyzing POCT data, improving diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging POCT trends offer significant potential to improve clinical diagnostics, especially in Lower Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and Least Developed Countries (LDCs).
  • The convergence of portable hardware, mobile connectivity, and advanced data analytics is transforming infectious and non-communicable disease diagnosis.
  • Further development and implementation of these integrated POCT systems are critical for global health equity.