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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

TBase - an Integrated Electronic Health Record and Research Database for Kidney Transplant Recipients
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Tracking resident pre-rounding electronic health record usage.

Conrad Krawiec1, Cristin Marker2, Christy Stetter3

  • 1Pediatric Critical Care, Penn State Health Children's Hospital, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.

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|April 26, 2019
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Residents use more electronic health record (EHR) time for sicker patients. Time-tracking software can help optimize resident workload and understand physician workflow in intensive care units.

Keywords:
Critical careEducationEfficiencyInformaticsPediatricsQuality indicators

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Informatics
  • Pediatric Critical Care
  • Medical Education

Background:

  • Residents gather patient information from electronic health records (EHR) for daily rounds.
  • This critical pre-round EHR activity is not well-understood.
  • Quantifying this time is essential for workload assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of using EHR-embedded time-tracking software.
  • To quantify resident pre-round EHR activity.
  • To determine how patient acuity influences this activity.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational study.
  • Quantified resident EHR activities (time, tasks, encounters) during pre-rounds.
  • Analyzed patient acuity based on critical care resources provided.

Main Results:

  • 21 residents and 907 patient encounters were analyzed.
  • EHR time per patient encounter significantly correlated with critical care resource utilization (e.g., ventilation, vasoactive support).
  • Time spent on chart review, order entry, and documentation followed similar trends.

Conclusions:

  • Residents dedicate more EHR time to patients requiring intensive care.
  • Findings can inform resident-to-patient workload optimization.
  • EHR time-tracking tools offer valuable insights into physician workflow.