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Improving Compositional Accuracy in APT Analysis of Carbides Using a Decreased Detection Efficiency.

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Atom probe tomography (APT) measurements of steel carbides are affected by detector pile-up, causing inaccurate carbon concentrations. Reducing detection efficiency improves accuracy but increases statistical uncertainty.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Physics

Background:

  • Atom probe tomography (APT) is a powerful technique for analyzing material composition at the atomic scale.
  • Limitations in ion detector systems, such as detector pile-up, can significantly impact the accuracy of APT measurements.
  • Detector pile-up occurs when multiple ions arrive at the detector simultaneously, leading to missed detections and biased compositional analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of detector limitations on the measurement of carbide composition in steel using APT.
  • To understand the phenomenon of detector pile-up and its effect on carbon concentration measurements.
  • To explore methods for mitigating detector pile-up effects and improving the accuracy of APT analyses.

Main Methods:

  • Atom probe tomography (APT) was employed to analyze the composition of carbides in steel.
  • The ion detector system's efficiency was deliberately reduced by inserting a grid into the ion flight path.
  • Evaporation behavior of carbon and metal ions from alloy carbides was studied.

Main Results:

  • Detector pile-up was identified as a significant factor influencing carbide composition measurements in APT.
  • Preferential loss of carbon ions due to differing evaporation behaviors led to underestimation of carbon concentration.
  • Reducing detection efficiency by inserting a grid resulted in a more accurate carbon concentration measurement.
  • The reduction in detection efficiency also led to an increase in statistical uncertainty.

Conclusions:

  • Detector pile-up is a critical artifact in APT analysis of steel carbides, particularly affecting carbon quantification.
  • Deliberately reducing detection efficiency can improve the accuracy of carbon concentration measurements by mitigating pile-up effects.
  • While improving accuracy, reducing detection efficiency introduces higher statistical uncertainty, necessitating a balance between these factors.