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Darinka Trübutschek1,2,3, Sébastien Marti4, Stanislas Dehaene4,5

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Non-conscious working memory can store multiple items and their order, challenging classical theories. This finding suggests unconscious processing shares functional properties with conscious working memory.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Classical theories posit a tight link between conscious perception and working memory.
  • Emerging research suggests information can be stored unconsciously for seconds, questioning this link.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if non-conscious working memory can retain multiple items and their temporal sequence.
  • To compare the functional properties of non-conscious versus conscious working memory.

Main Methods:

  • A visual masking task with a 2.5-second delay was employed.
  • Participants (N=38) were tasked with remembering the location and order of two sequentially presented spatial positions.
  • Subjective visibility was manipulated to create conscious and non-conscious conditions.

Main Results:

  • Objective performance exceeded chance levels even when stimuli were not consciously perceived.
  • Participants successfully retrieved both the first and second presented locations in both conscious and non-conscious trials.
  • Evidence for distinct retrieval of sequentially presented items in non-conscious working memory was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Non-conscious working memory appears capable of maintaining multiple items in their correct temporal order.
  • These findings support models of activity-silent working memory and suggest functional overlap between conscious and non-conscious memory.
  • The study challenges traditional views on the necessity of awareness for working memory function.