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The changing relationship between ENSO and its extratropical response patterns.

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Climate change is altering El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impacts on Northern Hemisphere weather. ENSO

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Area of Science:

  • Atmospheric Science
  • Climate Dynamics
  • Oceanography

Background:

  • El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) significantly influences Northern Hemisphere seasonal climate patterns.
  • Climate change is altering ENSO variability, sea-surface temperature (SST) anomaly location, and jet stream characteristics.
  • Existing research highlights the interconnectedness of ENSO, the Pacific-North American (PNA) pattern, and the Tropical Northern Hemisphere (TNH) pattern.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how changes in ENSO's zonal SST anomaly location affect its teleconnections with atmospheric patterns.
  • To determine the influence of the Pacific jet stream's position on ENSO-PNA and ENSO-TNH relationships.
  • To explore the role of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) in modulating the ENSO-TNH connection.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a tracking algorithm to create a continuous time series of ENSO's zonal SST anomaly location.
  • Analyzed the linear sensitivity of ENSO-PNA and ENSO-TNH relationships to ENSO's zonal location.
  • Assessed the impact of Pacific jet stream position on ENSO teleconnections.
  • Investigated links between ENSO-TNH relationships and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) phase changes.

Main Results:

  • The ENSO-PNA relationship demonstrates linear sensitivity to the zonal location of ENSO's SST anomaly.
  • The ENSO-TNH relationship is not linearly sensitive to ENSO's zonal SST anomaly location.
  • Both ENSO-TNH and ENSO-PNA relationships are strongly modulated by the Pacific jet stream's position.
  • The ENSO-TNH relationship is linked to AMO phase shifts, affecting SST and jet stream dynamics.

Conclusions:

  • ENSO's influence on Northern Hemisphere climate is complex and dependent on its zonal SST anomaly location.
  • The Pacific jet stream plays a critical role in mediating ENSO's teleconnections with PNA and TNH patterns.
  • The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation influences the ENSO-TNH relationship, highlighting multi-oscillation interactions in climate dynamics.