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Related Concept Videos

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers01:22

Phase-lead and Phase-lag Controllers

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Understanding the working function of different types of controllers can be illustrated with practical analogies, such as adjusting a stereo's volume equalizer. Cranking up the bass involves a phase-lead controller, which functions as a high-pass filter, while increasing the treble uses a phase-lag controller, which acts as a low-pass filter. PD controllers, similar to high-pass filters, enhance the system's response to high-frequency components. PI controllers, akin to low-pass...
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control01:24

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lead Control

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Phase-lead controllers are commonly used in various control systems to enhance response speed and stability. Adjusting the brightness on a television screen offers a practical example of phase-lead control. When contrast is enhanced, a phase-lead controller is employed. Mathematically, phase-lead control is identified when the first parameter is smaller than the second.
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Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control01:21

Time and frequency -Domain Interpretation of Phase-lag Control

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Phase-lag controllers are widely used in control systems to improve stability and reduce steady-state errors. A dimmer switch controlling the brightness of a light bulb serves as a practical example of phase-lag control, gradually adjusting the bulb's brightness. Mathematically, phase-lag control or low-pass filtering is represented when the factor 'a' is less than 1.
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P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

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A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
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Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Phase Transitions02:31

Phase Transitions

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Whether solid, liquid, or gas, a substance's state depends on the order and arrangement of its particles (atoms, molecules, or ions). Particles in the solid pack closely together, generally in a pattern. The particles vibrate about their fixed positions but do not move or squeeze past their neighbors. In liquids, although the particles are closely spaced, they are randomly arranged. The position of the particles are not fixed—that is, they are free to move past their neighbors to...
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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform
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Topological superconductivity in a phase-controlled Josephson junction.

Hechen Ren1,2, Falko Pientka1,3, Sean Hart1,4

  • 1Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.

Nature
|April 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a 2D platform for topological superconductivity using a HgTe quantum well Josephson junction. This system enables the creation and manipulation of Majorana bound states for quantum information processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Information Science

Background:

  • Topological superconductors host localized Majorana states at boundaries, crucial for topologically protected quantum information.
  • Existing 1D systems require fine-tuning and lack scalability, driving the search for alternative platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize a two-dimensional (2D) architecture for Majorana bound states.
  • To investigate a HgTe quantum well Josephson junction as a platform for topological superconductivity.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a Josephson junction using a HgTe quantum well coupled to thin-film aluminium.
  • Tuning the topological state via phase difference and in-plane magnetic field.
  • Measuring tunnelling conductance at the junction edge to determine the topological state.

Main Results:

  • Observed a zero-bias tunnelling conductance minimum in the trivial superconducting state at low magnetic fields.
  • Detected a persistent zero-bias peak in the topological state as magnetic field increased.
  • The range of phase differences for the topological state expanded systematically with magnetic field.

Conclusions:

  • The HgTe quantum well Josephson junction serves as a promising 2D platform for topological superconductivity.
  • This system facilitates the creation and manipulation of Majorana modes.
  • Enables probing of topological superconducting phases in 2D systems.