Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Cardiometabolic Syndrome

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Preventive Medicine
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of mortality.
• Major risk factors include aging, gender, smoking, family history, and cardiometabolic syndrome.
• Statin therapy is a cornerstone of CVD prevention but leaves significant residual risk.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the residual risks for cardiovascular disease (CVD) after statin treatment.
• To identify the key factors contributing to this residual risk.
• To propose a comprehensive strategy for CVD prevention beyond statin therapy.

Main Methods:

• Review of large-scale randomized clinical trials on statin treatment for primary and secondary CVD prevention.
• Analysis of factors contributing to residual CVD risk.
• Evaluation of current treatment guidelines and unmet needs.

Main Results:

• Statin treatment effectively prevents approximately one-third of CVD onset and progression.
• Significant residual risk persists due to insufficient reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
• Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, and uncontrolled comorbidities (hypertension, obesity, diabetes) contribute to residual risk.

Conclusions:

• A multifaceted preventive approach is essential to manage residual CVD risk after statin therapy.
• Targeting lipid profiles (LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides) and other risk factors is critical.
• Further research and clinical strategies are needed to optimize CVD prevention.