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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Standardized Technique of Aortic Valve Re-implantation for Valve-sparing Aortic Root Replacement
Published on: December 11, 2017
Starr-Edwards aortic valve: 50+ years and still going strong: a case report
Mourad Amrane1, Gilles Soulat2, Alain Carpentier1
1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Georges Pompidou European Hospital and University Paris-Descartes, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 75015 Paris, France.
Abstract:
The advent of the Starr-Edwards mechanical valve marked the beginning of the modern era for heart valve replacement. Nowadays, this valve has been supplanted by lower profile bileaflet mechanical prostheses that are considered to have better haemodynamics, lesser risk of thrombo-embolic complications, and longer durability without structural prosthesis failure. These assumptions often lead physicians to face with the question of systematically replacing functional Starr-Edwards valves in patients undergoing redo operations on other valves. We report the case of a 67-year-old patient who recently underwent mitral valve replacement for symptomatic rheumatic valve disease with an excellent outcome. During the operation, the Starr-Edwards valve in the aortic position implanted 51 years earlier was found to still functioning normally hence was left in place, thereby breaking a new longevity record for a valve prosthesis.
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Titration Calculations: Strong Acid - Strong Base
A titration is carried out for 25.00 mL of 0.100 M HCl (strong acid) with 0.100 M of a strong base NaOH. The pH at different volumes of added base solution can be calculated as follows:
(a) Titrant volume = 0 mL. The solution pH is due to the acid ionization of HCl. Because this is a strong acid, the ionization is complete and the hydronium ion molarity is 0.100 M. The pH of the solution is then:
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For the titration of 25.00 mL of 0.100 M CH3CO2H with 0.100 M NaOH, the reaction can be represented as:
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The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
Titration of a Weak Acid with a Strong Base

