Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Decellularization of Whole Human Heart Inside a Pressurized Pouch in an Inverted Orientation
Published on: November 26, 2018
Complete heart block in a boy with hyperostosis-hyperphosphataemia syndrome: a case report
Zahra Hosseini1, Keyhan Sayadpour Zanjani2, Masoud Eslami1
1Cardiology Department, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Keshavarz Blv, Tehran, Iran.
Background:
Hyperostosis-hyperphosphataemia syndrome (HHS) is a rare metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent painful swelling of long bones and periosteal new bone formation.
Case Summary:
A 6-year-old boy was referred to our centre due to bradycardia. He was diagnosed with HHS 3 years' prior, after investigation for the cause of joint pain and genu valgum. During medical follow-up in 2013-16, the paediatric cardiologist discovered thickened and calcified mitral and aortic valves and progression of cardiac conduction disturbance from 1st degree to 3rd degree atrioventricular block (AVB). The patient died in 2017 due to multiorgan failure caused by hyperphosphataemia and ectopic calcification.
Discussion:
Our case is unique in that ectopic calcification occurred in the aortic, mitral valve and cardiac conduction system, and AVB progressed from 1st degree to 3rd degree over time despite treatment with high-dose phosphate binders.
Related Concept Videos
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs
Data Reporting and Recording
Block Diagram Reduction
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report
Following are the key components and categories of hand-off reports:
Purpose and Process:
Anatomy of the Heart
Elements of Block Diagrams
A block diagram typically includes essential elements such as comparators, blocks, and feedback loops. Each of these elements...

