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Do poles save energy during steep uphill walking?

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Pole walking on steep inclines offers minimal energy savings but significantly reduces perceived exertion. Using poles may help delay fatigue during prolonged uphill efforts, making it a beneficial strategy for athletes.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Trail running and uphill races often involve pole use.
  • Limited data exists on the physiological effects of pole walking on steep inclines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare energy expenditure during uphill walking with poles (PW) versus without poles (W) across various steep slopes.
  • To investigate the impact of pole use on cardiorespiratory parameters, blood lactate, and perceived exertion.

Main Methods:

  • Fourteen mountain runners walked on a treadmill at seven different steep angles (10.1° to 38.9°) in both PW and W conditions.
  • Measured cardiorespiratory parameters, blood lactate concentration (BLa), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), vertical cost of transport (CoTvert), stride frequency (SF), and stride length (SL).

Main Results:

  • Pole walking (PW) showed lower CoTvert at slopes of 25.4°, 29.8°, and 35.5° compared to walking without poles (W).
  • RPE was significantly lower during PW across multiple slopes (15.5° to 38.9°).
  • PW resulted in lower SF and longer SL, with no significant effect on BLa, though it was numerically lower with poles.

Conclusions:

  • Pole walking on steep inclines offers slight energetic economy but substantially reduces perceived exertion.
  • The use of poles may delay fatigue during prolonged steep uphill efforts.
  • Advocated for pole use in steep uphill walking despite minor energetic savings.