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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Technical Approach for Infrared Tracking for Soft Tissue Navigation with a Holographic Head-Mounted Display and Preclinical Validation
Published on: September 2, 2025
An Accurate Recognition of Infrared Retro-Reflective Markers in Surgical Navigation
Han Wu1, Qinyong Lin1, Rongqian Yang2,3,4
1Department of Biomedical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Abstract:
Marker-based optical tracking systems (OTS) are widely used in clinical image-guided therapy. However, the emergence of ghost markers, which is caused by the mistaken recognition of markers and the incorrect correspondences between marker projections, may lead to tracking failures for these systems. Therefore, this paper proposes a strategy to prevent the emergence of ghost markers by identifying markers based on the features of their projections, finding the correspondences between marker projections based on the geometric information provided by markers, and fast-tracking markers in a 2D image between frames based on the sizes of their projections. Apart from validating its high robustness, the experimental results show that the proposed strategy can accurately recognize markers, correctly identify their correspondences, and meet the requirements of real-time tracking.
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