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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Generating Publication-Ready Prokaryotic Genome Annotations with DFAST.

Yasuhiro Tanizawa1, Takatomo Fujisawa2, Masanori Arita2,3

  • 1Department of Informatics, National Institute of Genetics, Shizuoka, Japan. ytanizaw@nig.ac.jp.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|April 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

DDBJ Fast Annotation and Submission Tool (DFAST) provides rapid prokaryotic genome annotation and submission to public databases. This efficient pipeline quickly predicts genes and infers functions, streamlining bioinformatics workflows.

Keywords:
AnnotationArchaeaBacteriaDatabase

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Area of Science:

  • Bioinformatics
  • Genomics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Genome annotation is crucial for understanding prokaryotic biology.
  • Efficient tools are needed for rapid analysis and submission of genomic data.
  • Existing pipelines may lack speed or comprehensive annotation features.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the DDBJ Fast Annotation and Submission Tool (DFAST) for prokaryotic genome annotation.
  • To describe the DFAST annotation workflow and its capabilities.
  • To highlight DFAST's utility for data submission to public sequence databases.

Main Methods:

  • DFAST employs a default annotation workflow including gene prediction (protein-coding sequences, rRNA, tRNA, CRISPR) and functional annotation.
  • The tool is accessible as a web service and a standalone local application.
  • Annotation of a typical bacterial genome is completed within 5 minutes.

Main Results:

  • DFAST successfully annotates prokaryotic genomes, including gene prediction and functional inference.
  • The pipeline generates results in standard annotation formats.
  • DFAST facilitates data preparation for submission to the DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ).

Conclusions:

  • DFAST offers a fast and efficient solution for prokaryotic genome annotation.
  • The tool simplifies the process of preparing genomic data for public archival.
  • DFAST is a valuable resource for researchers in prokaryotic genomics and bioinformatics.