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Related Concept Videos

Contemporary Psychology01:29

Contemporary Psychology

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Psychology explores human behavior and mental processes through various lenses, each offering unique insights. This overview examines key subfields, including biopsychology, evolutionary, developmental, personality, and social psychology, highlighting their approaches and contributions to understanding complex human behaviors.
Biopsychology
Biopsychology, also known as biological psychology or behavioral neuroscience, focuses on the biological underpinnings of behavior and mental processes. It...
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Boiling Point Elevation
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Depressants01:28

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Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
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Cognitive Dissonance01:38

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Contemporary methods of improving cognitive dysfunction in clinical depression.

Matthew J Knight1, Natalie T Mills1, Bernhard T Baune2

  • 1a Discipline of Psychiatry , Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide , Adelaide , Australia.

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|April 26, 2019
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Summary

Treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) cognitive dysfunction are reviewed, including psychological, physical, and pharmacological options. Integrated approaches focusing on cognitive, clinical, and functional recovery are key for better patient outcomes.

Keywords:
CognitionMDDantidepressantcognitive trainingdepressionexercisetreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive dysfunction is common in major depressive disorder (MDD), leading to greater functional impairment and reduced quality of life.
  • Deficits span executive function, memory, and attention, necessitating effective treatment strategies.
  • Understanding recent advances in treating cognitive dysfunction in MDD is crucial for improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review psychological, physical, and pharmacological treatments for cognitive dysfunction in depression.
  • To summarize treatment efficacy in specific cognitive domains and underlying mechanisms.
  • To explore adjunctive treatments, side effects, and drawbacks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of psychological, physical, and pharmacological interventions.
  • Analysis of treatment efficacy for cognitive domains like attention.
  • Exploration of mechanisms, adjunctive therapies, and treatment-related side effects.

Main Results:

  • Psychological treatments show promise for cognitive improvement alongside functional and clinical recovery.
  • Efficacy of cognitive training and CBT for long-term cognitive improvement requires further establishment.
  • Newer pharmacological agents may enhance cognition via anti-inflammatory and neurogenesis pathways, unlike typical antidepressants.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated treatment approaches focusing on cognitive recovery alongside clinical and functional improvement are vital.
  • Psychological interventions offer benefits, but long-term cognitive effects need more research.
  • Pharmacological options are evolving, with potential for novel mechanisms beyond typical antidepressants.