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Related Concept Videos

Electrical Current01:10

Electrical Current

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Electrical current is defined as the rate at which charge flows. When there is a large current present, such as that used to run a refrigerator, a large amount of charge moves through the wire in a small amount of time. If the current is small, such as that used to operate a handheld calculator, a small amount of charge moves through the circuit over a long period of time. The SI unit for current is the ampere (A), named for the French physicist André-Marie Ampère (1775–1836).
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Fixed Action Patterns01:06

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A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.
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Characteristics of Practical Op Amps01:16

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A difference amplifier, a crucial component in numerous electronic devices, ideally amplifies only the difference-mode signal, which is the difference between two input signals. However, in practical circuits, the output voltage depends on both the differential gain and the common-mode gain.
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Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers01:28

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The practical equivalent circuits of single-phase two-winding transformers exhibit significant deviations from their idealized versions due to the inherent properties of winding resistance and finite core permeability. These properties result in real and reactive power losses, affecting the transformer's performance. Understanding these deviations is crucial for designing more efficient transformers.
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Significance of Displacement Current01:27

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A displacement current is analogous to a real current in Ampère's law, participating in Ampère's law the same way as the usual conduction current. However, it is produced by a changing electric field. Displacement current is defined in terms of a time-varying electric field, and also has an associated displacement current density. By adding a term accounting for displacement current, Maxwell modified the existing Ampère's law, which is now called generalized Ampère's law.
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Primed Mycobacterial Uveitis PMU as a Model for Post-Infectious Uveitis
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Current ophthalmology practice patterns for syphilitic uveitis.

Genevieve F Oliver1, Roy M Stathis1, João M Furtado2

  • 1Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|April 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Syphilitic uveitis is increasing. Ophthalmologists use serological tests and CSF analysis for diagnosis, often treating with penicillin and corticosteroids. Optic neuropathy and misdiagnosis predict poor outcomes in ocular syphilis management.

Keywords:
eye, syphilis, uveitisinfectioninflammation

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Syphilitic uveitis is a re-emerging ocular manifestation of systemic syphilis.
  • An international study group was formed to define current practice patterns for managing this condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define current practice patterns in the diagnosis and management of syphilitic uveitis.
  • To identify clinical indicators of poor prognosis in patients with ocular syphilis.

Main Methods:

  • A 25-item questionnaire was completed by 103 uveitis specialists from 35 countries.
  • The questionnaire focused on case load, clinical presentations, diagnostic methods, treatment, and prognostic factors.

Main Results:

  • Syphilitic uveitis constitutes a small but increasing percentage of uveitis cases.
  • Diagnosis relies on serological tests and CSF analysis, with routine HIV co-infection screening.
  • Treatment involves penicillin and corticosteroids; optic neuropathy and misdiagnosis are poor prognostic indicators.

Conclusions:

  • Ophthalmologists are increasingly encountering syphilitic uveitis.
  • Current management involves established diagnostic algorithms and treatment protocols.
  • Improved diagnostic practices are needed to mitigate poor visual outcomes.