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Related Concept Videos

Classification of Illness01:17

Classification of Illness

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The meaning of illness is individualized to each person who experiences an alteration in health. In contrast, disease is a medical term indicating a pathological change in the structure and function of the body or mind. It is a condition that has specific symptoms and boundaries.
An illness is a response to a disease in which the person's level of functioning is changed compared with a previous level. The general classification of illness includes acute and chronic.
Acute illness is severe...
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Factors Affecting Illness01:18

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When a person's physical, emotional, intellectual, social development or spiritual functioning is compromised, this deviation from a healthy normal state is called illness. Illness creates stress that in turn harms individuals. Irritation, anger, denial, hopelessness, and fear are behavioral and emotional changes an individual experiences in the phases of illness. A variety of factors influence a person's health and well-being.
For instance, risk factors are connected to illness,...
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Antibiotic Selection00:57

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Overview
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Concepts of Health and Illness01:29

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Health is a condition of the body, mind, and spirit where an individual remains free from illness. Similarly, wellness is an active state, including living a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and emotional health. Physical health is critical for the overall well-being and can be affected by lifestyle, activity level, diet, and behavior. The highest attainable standard of health is a fundamental and universal human right. Consider Lisa, a fifteen-year-old born with congenital...
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Dimensions of Health and Illness01:21

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The factors influencing the health-illness continuum can be internal or external and may or may not be under conscious control. They are related to the following eight human dimensions, and each dimension is interrelated to one other.
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Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level01:16

Critical Region, Critical Values and Significance Level

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The critical region, critical value, and significance level are interdependent concepts crucial in hypothesis testing.
In hypothesis testing, a sample statistic is converted to a test statistic using z, t, or chi-square distribution. A critical region is an area under the curve in  probability distributions demarcated by the critical value. When the test statistic falls in this region, it suggests that the null hypothesis must be rejected. As this region contains all those values of the...
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Related Experiment Video

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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses
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Multiplex Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Isotope-dilution HPLC-MS/MS of Antibiotics in Critical Illnesses

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Antibiotic use in critical illness.

Samuel D Stewart1, Sarah Allen1

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Individualized antimicrobial therapy is crucial for critically ill patients, considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variations. This approach enhances treatment efficacy and patient outcomes, moving beyond a one-size-fits-all strategy.

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Infectious diseases
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Critically ill patients exhibit significant pathophysiological changes impacting antimicrobial therapy.
  • Critical illness alters antimicrobial pharmacokinetics, primarily affecting volume of distribution and drug clearance.
  • Understanding these pharmacokinetic changes is vital for optimizing antimicrobial efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current antimicrobial use in critically ill patients.
  • To discuss pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in this population.
  • To address challenges of drug resistance and diagnostic testing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on antimicrobial therapy in intensive care units.
  • Analysis of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles in critical illness.
  • Discussion on diagnostic strategies and empiric antimicrobial selection.

Main Results:

  • Drug resistance poses a significant challenge in managing infections.
  • Diagnostic testing aids in selecting appropriate antimicrobials and preventing resistance.
  • Empiric antimicrobial choices require consideration of infection site and likely pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients necessitates an individualized approach.
  • Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variability must be considered for optimal treatment.
  • Moving away from a 'one dose fits all' strategy improves patient outcomes.