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    Area of Science:

    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Cardiopulmonary Monitoring
    • Wearable Sensor Technology

    Background:

    • Biomedical wearable sensors are crucial for long-term physiological monitoring in diagnosing and treating cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.
    • Current monitoring methods may have limitations in continuous, multi-parameter assessment without constraints.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a novel wearable sensor system for simultaneous monitoring of vital signals related to cardiopulmonary status.
    • To assess the system's accuracy and reliability in measuring heart rate and respiration compared to established methods.

    Main Methods:

    • A system utilizing a PZT-4 piezo transducer stimulated by an analog front end was developed.
    • The system generates pulsed ultrasound waves (1 MHz) and analyzes reflected echoes to track internal organ motion, specifically the heart apex.
    • Respiratory and heart cycle information is derived from the heart's respiratory motion.

    Main Results:

    • The system achieved an average accuracy of 96.7% for heartbeats per minute measurement against a photoplethysmography sensor.
    • Respiration detection demonstrated 94.5% sensitivity and 94.0% specificity when compared to a spirometer.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed wearable ultrasound system offers a promising, non-constrained approach for monitoring cardiopulmonary activity.
    • The system provides accurate and reliable data for heart rate and respiration, supporting potential applications in disease diagnosis and management.