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Related Concept Videos

Sustainable Development01:43

Sustainable Development

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As the human population continues to grow and use resources, we must be mindful of our planet’s natural limits. Sustainable development provides a pathway to maintain and improve human life now while also ensuring that future generations will have the resources that they need. The long-term success of sustainability efforts rests on understanding the interplay between human actions and ecological systems.
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Development of the Lymphatic System01:15

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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
The first lymph sacs to form are the paired jugular lymph sacs located at the junction of the internal jugular and subclavian veins. From these sacs, lymphatic capillary plexuses extend to the thorax, upper limbs, neck, and head, eventually forming lymphatic vessels. Each jugular lymph sac maintains a...
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
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Development of the Heart01:27

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The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
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Development of Immunocompetence01:22

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Fruit Development, Structure, and Function01:58

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

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Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.
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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Voluntary Breath-hold Technique for Reducing Heart Dose in Left Breast Radiotherapy
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Early Breast Angiosarcoma Development After Radiotherapy: A Cautionary Tale.

Nicholas J J Wei1, Timothy P Crowley, Maniram Ragbir

  • 1From the Department of Plastic Surgery, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.

Annals of Plastic Surgery
|April 26, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This clinical report details an early radiation-induced angiosarcoma after breast cancer radiotherapy. It emphasizes vigilance for persistent skin changes post-treatment, as early detection is crucial for managing this rare complication.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Breast-conserving therapy (BCT) with adjuvant radiotherapy is standard for early-stage breast cancer.

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  • Radiation-induced angiosarcoma is a rare but serious long-term complication of post-mastectomy or BCT radiotherapy.
  • Angiosarcoma typically presents as a bluish-purple skin lesion on previously irradiated breast tissue.