Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Isolation of Papillary and Reticular Fibroblasts from Human Skin by Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting
Published on: May 7, 2019
Are some teat disinfectant formulations more effective against specific bacteria isolated on teat skin than others?
Sarah Rose Fitzpatrick1,2, Mary Garvey2, Jim Flynn1
1Teagasc, Animal & Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, County Cork, Ireland.
Abstract:
The use of pre- and post-milking teat disinfectants can reduce teat bacterial load and aid in the collection of high-quality milk. The objective of this study was to compare the reduction in bacteria populations on teat skin after the application of different commercial teat disinfectant products. Ten teat disinfectant products were applied to the teats of 10 Holstein-Friesian cows. One cow received one teat disinfectant product at each sampling point before cluster application for milking. A composite swab sample was taken of the 4 teats of each cow before and after teat disinfectant application. Swab samples were placed on three different selective agars to enumerate bacterial counts of staphylococcal, streptococcal and coliforms isolates on teat skin. Staphylococcal isolates were the most prominent bacterial group recovered on teat swabs (49%), followed by streptococcal (36%) and coliform (15%) isolates before the application of disinfectant. The average bacterial reductions on teat skin were shown to be 76%, 73% and 60% for staphylococcal, streptococcal and coliform isolates, respectively. All of the teat disinfectant products tested reduced teat bacterial load for all three bacterial groups. Product 4 containing 0.6% w/w diamine was the most effective against bacterial populations of staphylococcal and streptococcal isolates on teat skin with a reduction of 90% and 94%, respectively. Whereas product 10, which contained 0.5% w/w iodine, resulted in the highest reduction in coliforms on teat skin with a reduction of 91%. Results from this study suggest that specific bacterial population loads on teats can be reduced using different teat disinfectant formulations.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
Insulin Formulations: Types and Delivery
Short-acting insulins are divided into...
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II
Risk nursing diagnoses represent clinical judgments of an individual, family, or community more vulnerable to developing the health problem than others...
Moment of a Force: Scalar Formulation
Consider a simple example of a flywheel being rotated about a point, O, by applying a force to it. In this case, the moment arm is the perpendicular distance between the point O and the line of action of the force. The...
Resultant Moment: Scalar Formulation
To determine the resultant moment, the moments caused by all the forces in a system in the x-y plane are considered. Positive moments are typically...
Moment of a Force: Vector Formulation
The vector formulation of the moment of force is the cross-product of the position and force vectors. The...

