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Related Concept Videos

Cell Size01:22

Cell Size

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Cell sizes vary widely among and within organisms. Bacterial cells range between 1-10 micrometers (μm)and are considerably smaller than most eukaryotic cells. The smallest bacteria are 0.1 μm in diameter—about a thousand times smaller than eukaryotic cells, which typically range from 10-100 μm.
Surface Area
Cells can take in nutrients and water via diffusion through the plasma membrane itself or through specific channels in the membrane. The area of the membrane surrounding...
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Pore Size Distribution01:23

Pore Size Distribution

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In concrete, the pore size distribution significantly influences the material's properties. Capillary pores, markedly larger than gel pores, form a vast network within partially hydrated cement paste, reducing the concrete's strength and increasing its permeability. This heightened permeability leads to a greater risk of damage from environmental factors like freeze-thaw cycles and chemical attacks, with the extent of vulnerability also being tied to the water-to-cement ratio.
Adequate...
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Sampling Distribution01:12

Sampling Distribution

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Given simple random samples of size n from a given population with a measured characteristic such as mean, proportion, or standard deviation for each sample, the probability distribution of all the measured characteristics is called a sampling distribution. How much the statistic varies from one sample to another is known as the sampling variability of a statistic. You typically measure the sampling variability of a statistic by its standard error. The standard error of the mean is an example...
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Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

Autophagic Cell Death

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
Autophagy and Apoptosis
Autophagy can activate apoptosis. In normal conditions, the autophagy activating protein Beclin-1 and...
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Sample Size Calculation01:19

Sample Size Calculation

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Knowledge of the sample size is the first requirement to conduct random sampling or an experiment. The sample size is the total number of units, observations, or groups (in some cases) used to get the data to estimate a population parameter. As the name suggests, the sample size is that of the sample drawn from the population and differs from the population size.
The sample size for the given experiment or sampling effort is fundamental to any study design. Sample size decides the number of...
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Identification of Intracellular Signaling Events Induced in Viable Cells by Interaction with Neighboring Cells Undergoing Apoptotic Cell Death
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Probing the Cellular Size Distribution in Cell Samples Undergoing Cell Death.

Emilie Franceschini1, Laure Balasse2, Sandrine Roffino3

  • 1Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, LMA, Marseille, France.

Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology
|April 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

This study uses a polydisperse scattering model to analyze ultrasound backscatter from dying cells. Key parameters correlate strongly with cell death, aiding cancer therapy monitoring.

Keywords:
Cell deathPolydispersityQuantitative ultrasoundScatterer size distributionStructure factor model

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Medical Ultrasound
  • Acoustic Scattering

Background:

  • Cell death alters cellular properties, affecting ultrasonic backscatter.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for non-invasive monitoring of therapeutic responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To adapt and apply a polydisperse structure factor model to explain ultrasound backscatter coefficients (BSCs) from packed cell samples undergoing cell death.
  • To establish quantitative ultrasound parameters that correlate with the percentage of dead cells.

Main Methods:

  • High-frequency ultrasound (10-42 MHz) was used to scan packed cell samples.
  • A parameter estimation procedure quantified volume fraction and relative impedance contrast.
  • Cellular size distribution changes were analyzed in relation to BSC patterns.

Main Results:

  • The polydisperse structure factor model explained BSC variations due to cell death.
  • Standard deviation of scatterer size distribution and spectral intercept strongly correlated with cell death percentage (r²=0.79 and r²=0.72).

Conclusions:

  • Quantitative ultrasound parameters derived from the polydisperse structure factor model can effectively monitor cell death.
  • This approach offers potential for non-invasive cancer therapy monitoring.