Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

79.3K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
79.3K
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

6.6K
Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
6.6K
The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

132.9K
Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
132.9K
Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

3.6K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
3.6K
Long-term Depression01:05

Long-term Depression

33.2K
Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
33.2K
Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

986
Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured from...
986

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Novel continuous up-flow MFC for treatment of produced water: Flow rate effect, microbial community, and flow simulation.

Chemosphere·2021
Same author

Exogenous application of silicon improves the performance of wheat under terminal heat stress by triggering physio-biochemical mechanisms.

Scientific reports·2021
Same author

Disease-related income and economic productivity loss in New Zealand: A longitudinal analysis of linked individual-level data.

PLoS medicine·2021
Same author

Statistical Study of Nonthermal Plasma-Assisted ZnO Coating of Cotton Fabric through Ultrasonic-Assisted Green Synthesis for Improved Self-Cleaning and Antimicrobial Properties.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2021
Same author

"Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis misdiagnosed as smear negative pulmonary tuberculosis; a retrospective study from Pakistan".

Annals of medicine and surgery (2012)·2021
Same author

Review of the spider genus Ectatosticta Simon, 1892 (Araneae: Hypochilidae) with description of four new species from China.

Zootaxa·2021

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
14:27

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Published on: August 11, 2019

13.4K

SNAP-25 isoforms differentially regulate synaptic transmission and long-term synaptic plasticity at central synapses.

Muhammad Irfan1, Katisha R Gopaul2, Omid Miry2

  • 1The Rolf Luft Research Centre for Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.

Scientific Reports
|April 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

The study shows that SNAP-25b is crucial for cognitive function and synaptic plasticity. SNAP-25b deficiency impairs learning and memory by affecting long-term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal synapses.

More Related Videos

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
07:13

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

Published on: May 18, 2020

7.4K
Paradigms for Pharmacological Characterization of C. elegans Synaptic Transmission Mutants
18:01

Paradigms for Pharmacological Characterization of C. elegans Synaptic Transmission Mutants

Published on: August 18, 2008

14.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording
14:27

Investigating Long-term Synaptic Plasticity in Interlamellar Hippocampus CA1 by Electrophysiological Field Recording

Published on: August 11, 2019

13.4K
3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity
07:13

3D Modeling of Dendritic Spines with Synaptic Plasticity

Published on: May 18, 2020

7.4K
Paradigms for Pharmacological Characterization of C. elegans Synaptic Transmission Mutants
18:01

Paradigms for Pharmacological Characterization of C. elegans Synaptic Transmission Mutants

Published on: August 18, 2008

14.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Synaptic Plasticity

Background:

  • Synapse function relies on proteins like SNAP-25, which has two isoforms: SNAP-25a and SNAP-25b.
  • Alternative splicing of SNAP-25 is developmentally regulated, with a switch from SNAP-25a to SNAP-25b.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the distinct functional roles of SNAP-25a and SNAP-25b isoforms at Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapses.
  • To explore sex-specific differences in SNAP-25 isoform expression and their impact on synaptic plasticity and cognitive function.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized wild-type (WT) and SNAP-25b-deficient (MT) mice.
  • Performed electrophysiological recordings in hippocampal slices to assess long-term potentiation (LTP) and paired-pulse facilitation.
  • Evaluated basal synaptic transmission using input-output relations.
  • Assessed learning and memory in an active-avoidance behavioral paradigm.

Main Results:

  • MT mice exhibited significantly reduced LTP magnitude compared to WT mice.
  • Sex-dependent differences in SNAP-25 isoform ratios were observed, potentially influencing LTP-associated presynaptic release probability.
  • SNAP-25b deficiency impaired basal synaptic transmission and active-avoidance learning, indicating a role in cognitive performance.
  • WT females showed higher SNAP-25a levels than males, suggesting a sex-specific delay in the splicing switch.

Conclusions:

  • SNAP-25b plays a critical role in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity, particularly in long-term potentiation (LTP).
  • The alternative splicing switch of SNAP-25 may have sex-specific roles in regulating synaptic function and cognitive processes.
  • SNAP-25b is essential for normal learning and memory, highlighting its importance in cognitive performance.