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Amplification of Near Full-length HIV-1 Proviruses for Next-Generation Sequencing
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Estimating HIV-1 Genetic Diversity in Brazil Through Next-Generation Sequencing
Brunna M Alves1, Juliana D Siqueira1, Isabel M Prellwitz1
1Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Frontiers in Microbiology
|April 27, 2019
Summary
Brazil has high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genetic diversity, with a significant prevalence of recombinant forms (29%). Next-generation sequencing revealed ongoing viral evolution and multiple infections within individuals in Brazil.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Epidemiology
- Genetics
Background:
- Global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence was 0.8% in 2016, with Brazil reporting 0.24% (830,000 individuals).
- Brazil's status as a hub for tourism and commerce contributes to elevated HIV genetic variability, influenced by host immunity and antiretroviral treatment.
- Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has advanced the study of HIV genetic diversity, enabling the generation of near full-length genomes (NFLG) and improved characterization of viral populations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze HIV genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics in Brazil using NGS.
- To determine the prevalence of HIV subtypes and recombinant forms in key Brazilian states.
- To investigate the occurrence of multiple HIV infections within individuals.
Main Methods:
- Pooled analysis of HIV-positive patients from five Brazilian states with high HIV prevalence.
- Determination of HIV subtypes using near full-length genomes (NFLG) generated by NGS.
- Characterization of viral recombinant forms and detection of multiple infections.
Main Results:
- A significant prevalence of recombinant HIV forms was observed (29% overall, 26% with NFLGs).
- NGS enabled accurate identification of unique and circulating recombinant forms.
- Multiple HIV infections were detected in some individuals, indicating complex transmission dynamics.
Conclusions:
- Brazil exhibits substantial HIV genetic diversity, with a high rate of viral recombination.
- Novel HIV recombinants are continually emerging within the Brazilian epidemic.
- The study provides a more accurate understanding of HIV evolutionary dynamics in Brazil.
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