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[Travelling with a pacemaker or implanted defibrillator].

Oliver Przibille1, Felix Kristian Weise2, Bernd Nowak2

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Patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) can travel extensively, with few restrictions beyond scuba diving and early post-implantation recovery. Underlying heart conditions, not the devices themselves, typically limit travel activities.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Devices
  • Travel Medicine

Background:

  • Limited guidelines exist for patients with implanted pacemakers or defibrillators regarding travel.
  • Few publications address the specific travel-related challenges faced by individuals with these devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize key aspects of traveling with implanted pacemakers and defibrillators.
  • To provide guidance on managing potential issues during travel for patients with cardiac electronic devices.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and clinical considerations for patients with pacemakers and defibrillators.
  • Summary of device-specific limitations and general travel recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Patients with pacemakers and defibrillators have minimal travel limitations, with scuba diving being a notable exception.
  • Travel is generally advised after complete wound healing post-implantation; flying is possible 2 days after uncomplicated procedures if pneumothorax is excluded.
  • Security screenings are safe, but repetitive handheld metal detector use over the device should be avoided. Adjusting programmed sleep rates for time zone changes may be beneficial.
  • Patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) should take precautions against travelers' diarrhea, with prompt fluid and electrolyte replacement crucial in case of infection.

Conclusions:

  • Pacemaker and defibrillator recipients can travel widely, with most limitations stemming from their underlying cardiac conditions rather than the devices.
  • Adherence to general travel precautions, device-specific considerations (e.g., scuba diving, security checks), and management of potential health risks (e.g., travelers' diarrhea) ensures safe travel.