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High-intensity interval training in chronic kidney disease: A randomized pilot study.

Kassia S Beetham1,2, Erin J Howden3, Robert G Fassett2

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High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a safe and feasible exercise for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Both HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) similarly improved exercise capacity and muscle protein synthesis in this population.

Keywords:
high-volume trainingintermittent trainingmuscle atrophymuscle wastingnephrologyrenal

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Nephrology
  • Cardiovascular Health

Background:

  • High-intensity interval training (HIIT) enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and cardiorespiratory fitness in various chronic diseases.
  • The effects of HIIT on individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remain understudied.
  • This study aimed to compare HIIT with moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in CKD patients regarding feasibility, safety, and efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility and safety of implementing HIIT in individuals with stage 3-4 CKD.
  • To compare the efficacy of HIIT versus MICT in improving cardiorespiratory fitness and skeletal muscle protein synthesis markers.
  • To determine if HIIT offers comparable or superior benefits to MICT for CKD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Fourteen individuals with stage 3-4 CKD were randomized into HIIT or MICT groups for 12 weeks, 3 supervised sessions/week.
  • HIIT involved 4x4 minute intervals at 80%-95% peak heart rate (PHR), while MICT consisted of 40 minutes at 65% PHR.
  • Outcomes included feasibility (attendance, adherence), safety (adverse events), cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2 peak), exercise capacity (METs), and muscle protein synthesis/catabolism markers.

Main Results:

  • Both HIIT and MICT groups completed a similar number of sessions, demonstrating good feasibility and adherence to prescribed heart rates.
  • No exercise-related adverse events were reported, indicating a favorable safety profile for both training types.
  • Significant improvements in exercise capacity and muscle protein synthesis were observed over time in both groups, with no significant differences between HIIT and MICT.

Conclusions:

  • HIIT is a feasible and safe exercise modality for individuals with stage 3-4 CKD.
  • Both HIIT and MICT yield similar benefits for exercise capacity and skeletal muscle protein synthesis in this population.
  • Further research in a larger trial is warranted to fully evaluate HIIT's effectiveness in CKD.