Introducing a New Algorithm for Classification of Etiology in Studies on Pediatric Pneumonia: Protocol for the Trial

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Machine Learning-Based Cough Tone Classification: Diagnostic Exploration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Tract Infections
06:22

Machine Learning-Based Cough Tone Classification: Diagnostic Exploration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Respiratory Tract Infections

Published on: September 19, 2025

458

Samuel Arthur Rhedin1,2, Annika Eklundh1, Malin Ryd-Rinder3

  • 1Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, South General Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

JMIR Research Protocols
|April 27, 2019
PubMed

Insights

The TREND study aims to differentiate viral from bacterial pneumonia in children using biomarkers like MxA and point-of-care tests. This research will improve diagnosis and antibiotic use for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric infectious diseases
  • Diagnostic biomarkers
  • Respiratory pathogen detection

Background:

  • Distinguishing viral from bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is crucial for appropriate antibiotic use.
  • Current diagnostic methods lack accuracy, leading to potential overuse of antibiotics for viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To improve the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral CAP in children under 5 years old.
  • To evaluate myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) as a biomarker for viral CAP.
  • To assess existing and novel point-of-care tests for respiratory pathogens.

Main Methods:

  • The Trial of Respiratory infections in children for ENhanced Diagnostics (TREND) study enrolled children aged 1-59 months with clinical CAP and healthy controls.
  • Blood and nasopharyngeal samples were collected for analysis of MxA, C-reactive protein, and various pathogen detection methods.
  • Real-time polymerase chain reaction served as the gold standard, alongside antigen-based mariPOC respi tests and a novel recombinase polymerase amplification test.

Main Results:

  • A pilot study was conducted from June to August 2017.
  • Subject enrollment for the main study commenced in November 2017.
  • Full study results were anticipated by the end of 2019.

Conclusions:

  • The TREND study findings are expected to significantly enhance the management of pediatric CAP.
  • Improved diagnostic accuracy will support more rational antibiotic prescribing practices.
Abstract

Keywords:
child, preschooldiagnostic tests, routinemicrobiological techniquespneumoniarespiratory tract infections

More Related Videos

Introducing Shear Stress in the Study of Bacterial Adhesion13:28

Introducing Shear Stress in the Study of Bacterial Adhesion

Published on: September 2, 2011

16.2K
Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography08:00

Studying Brain Function in Children Using Magnetoencephalography

Published on: April 8, 2019

9.6K

Related Concept Videos

Trial and Error and Algorithm01:12

Trial and Error and Algorithm

A problem-solving strategy is a plan of action used to find a solution. Different strategies have distinct action plans. Trial and error involves trying different solutions until one works. For instance, to fix a broken printer, you might check ink levels, ensure the paper tray isn't jammed, and verify the printer's connection to your laptop. This method can be time-consuming but is commonly used. Thomas Edison, for example, used trial and error to find a suitable filament for the light...
403
Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
274
Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...
546
Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
328
Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:28

Acute Pyelonephritis II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Introduction:For diagnosing acute pyelonephritis, a comprehensive patient history is collected to identify symptoms such as dysuria, frequent or urgent urination, flank pain, or costovertebral angle (CVA) tenderness that may suggest a kidney infection.Physical ExaminationDuring the physical examination, CVA tenderness is assessed. This involves gentle percussion over the costovertebral angle, where tenderness often indicates a kidney infection.Diagnostic TestsUrinalysis: Used to identify white...
371
Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
486