Schizophrenia and motherhood

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Health
• Psychiatry
• Perinatal Medicine

Background:

• Schizophrenia spectrum disorders in mothers can affect pregnancy and neonatal outcomes.
• Existing research presents conflicting results due to methodological limitations and evolving diagnostic criteria.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analyze the impact of maternal schizophrenia on pregnancy outcomes.
• To assess the influence of antipsychotic treatment on pregnancy outcomes in mothers with schizophrenia.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Science.gov (1980-2019).
• Search terms included 'schizophrenia', 'motherhood', 'pregnancy/foetal/neonatal outcomes', and 'birth defects'.
• 35 relevant articles providing primary data were identified and analyzed.

Main Results:

• Studies reviewed span from the early 1970s to 2019, with significant changes in schizophrenia diagnostic criteria over time.
• Lack of homogeneity in investigating confounders and differentiating maternal illness effects from antipsychotic treatment effects leads to conflicting findings.
• No definitive conclusions can be drawn regarding the specific impact of antipsychotics versus the illness itself on pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Managing pregnant women with schizophrenia requires an integrated approach.
• This approach should encompass antipsychotic and psychological treatments, dietary management, and robust obstetric surveillance.
• Social and occupational support are crucial components for optimal maternal and infant well-being.