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Achieving molecular orientation in thermally extruded 3D printed objects.

Salim A Ghodbane1, N Sanjeeva Murthy, Michael G Dunn

  • 1Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New Brunswick, NJ, United States of America. Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America.

Biofabrication
|April 27, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a 3D printing method to align polymer chains during fabrication, enhancing scaffold mechanical properties. This technique achieves superior polymer orientation compared to traditional methods, even in complex geometries.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Engineering
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Three-dimensional (3D) printing is widely used for fabricating tissue scaffolds.
  • Unoriented polymer chains in 3D printed scaffolds limit mechanical properties.
  • Post-processing alignment methods are often constrained by scaffold geometry.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate in-situ polymer chain orientation during 3D printing.
  • To enhance the mechanical properties of 3D printed scaffolds.
  • To overcome limitations of post-processing alignment techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Optimizing 3D printing parameters (nozzle diameter, extrusion pressure, temperature) to control polymer flow.
  • Utilizing high printhead translation speeds in the semi-solid state of the polymer.
  • Printing a meniscus regeneration scaffold using poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine dodecyl dodecanedioate) (poly(DTD DD)).

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant polymer chain alignment during the 3D printing process.
  • Demonstrated orientation levels exceeding those of drawn fibers, confirmed by X-ray diffraction and thermal shrinkage.
  • Successfully printed defect-free scaffolds with complex geometries exhibiting high polymer orientation.

Conclusions:

  • In-situ polymer chain orientation during 3D printing is feasible by controlling printing parameters.
  • This method enhances mechanical performance, combining 3D printing versatility with conventional processing benefits.
  • Potential to advance scaffold fabrication for improved tissue regeneration and mechanical function.