Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

The Evidence for Evolution02:55

The Evidence for Evolution

47.7K
Genetic variations accumulating within populations over generations give rise to biological evolution. Evolutionary changes can result in the formation of novel varieties and entire new species. These changes are responsible for the diverse forms of life inhabiting the planet. The evidence for evolution suggests that all living organisms descended from common ancestors.
47.7K
Convergent Evolution01:54

Convergent Evolution

31.6K
Evolution shapes the features of organisms over time, ensuring that they are suited for the environments in which they live. Sometimes, selection pressure leads to the rise of similar but unrelated adaptations in organisms with no recent common ancestors, a process known as convergent evolution.
31.6K
Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

40.4K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
40.4K
Synteny and Evolution02:31

Synteny and Evolution

3.8K
John H. Renwick first coined the term “synteny” in 1971, which refers to the genes present on the same chromosomes, even if they are not genetically linked. The species with common ancestry tend to show conserved syntenic regions. Therefore, the concept of synteny is nowadays used to describe the evolutionary relationship between species.
Around 80 million years ago, the human and mice lineages diverged from the common ancestor. During the course of evolution, the ancestral...
3.8K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

3.5K
3.5K
Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

8.0K
The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
8.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Experimental evolution of Rc-o319 sarbecovirus spike protein reveals limited ACE2 adaptability.

Virus evolution·2026
Same author

Sialic acids are a barrier to the entry of non-influenza orthomyxoviruses.

PLoS pathogens·2026
Same author

Genomic Analysis of Prophage Distribution in <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> Reveals Extensive Diversity and Horizontal Gene Transfer.

Phytopathology·2026
Same author

Isolation and characterization of broad-range <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> sepunaviruses.

Microbiology (Reading, England)·2026
Same author

Cross-immunity to therapeutic Kayvirus staphylophages reveals conserved immunogenic epitopes in patients.

Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·2026
Same author

Phenotypic heterogeneity shapes phage resistance and cocktail efficacy in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.

Microbiology spectrum·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
09:01

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

31.1K

Directed Evolution of a Mycobacteriophage.

María Cebriá-Mendoza1, Rafael Sanjuán2,3, Pilar Domingo-Calap4,5

  • 1Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), Universitat de València-CSIC, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain. maria.c.cebria@uv.es.

Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Bacteriophages offer a novel approach to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria like Mycobacterium tuberculosis. This study shows directed evolution can enhance mycobacteriophage infectivity for potential phage therapy applications.

Keywords:
Mycobacterium smegmatisdirected evolutionmycobacteriophagesphage therapy

More Related Videos

Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening
10:50

Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening

Published on: April 1, 2016

11.4K
In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli
09:01

Mutagenesis and Functional Selection Protocols for Directed Evolution of Proteins in E. coli

Published on: March 16, 2011

31.1K
Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening
10:50

Directed Evolution Method in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Mutant Library Creation and Screening

Published on: April 1, 2016

11.4K
In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity
09:16

In Vitro Directed Evolution of a Restriction Endonuclease with More Stringent Specificity

Published on: March 25, 2020

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB), caused by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, is a significant global health concern, exacerbated by increasing antibiotic resistance.
  • Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses that infect bacteria and are being explored as an alternative therapeutic strategy.
  • Developing effective phage-based treatments against mycobacteria requires understanding phage-host interactions and optimizing phage properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a foundational methodology for growing mycobacteriophages using *Mycobacterium smegmatis* as a model.
  • To investigate the potential of directed evolution to enhance phage infectivity and lytic activity against mycobacteria.
  • To demonstrate mycobacteriophage adaptation to its host under varying environmental conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Cultivation and propagation of mycobacteriophages using standard microbiological techniques.
  • Application of directed evolution principles to select for phages with improved characteristics.
  • Assessment of phage infectivity and lytic efficacy through plaque assays and growth inhibition experiments.

Main Results:

  • A reproducible method for mycobacteriophage cultivation was established.
  • Directed evolution successfully increased phage infectivity and lytic activity against *Mycobacterium smegmatis*.
  • Evidence of mycobacteriophage adaptation to host bacteria under selection pressure was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Mycobacteriophages can be effectively grown and their properties enhanced using directed evolution.
  • This approach holds promise for developing novel phage therapy strategies against *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* infections.
  • Further research into directed evolution of mycobacteriophages could lead to potent anti-TB agents.