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Hormones are classified into four main groups: steroids, eicosanoids, amino acid-based derivatives, and peptide hormones.
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Feminizing and masculinizing gender-affirming hormone therapy affects fibrin clot characteristics in opposite directions.

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Updated: Jan 25, 2026

Establishment of Rat Models Mimicking Gender-affirming Hormone Therapies
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Transmasculine Hormone Therapy.

Justine Defreyne1, Guy T'Sjoen2

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Ghent 9000, Belgium.

Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|April 28, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Testosterone therapy for transgender men offers physical and mental health benefits. With proper medical supervision, this gender-affirming care is safe for short- and middle-term use.

Keywords:
Follow-upGender-affirming hormonesSafetyTestosteroneTransgender men

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Transgender Health
  • Men's Health

Background:

  • Gender-affirming hormonal therapy, specifically testosterone, is crucial for transgender men (TM).
  • This therapy aims to induce virilization by achieving cisgender male serum testosterone levels.
  • It offers significant benefits for both physical and mental health in TM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the benefits of testosterone therapy in transgender men.
  • To emphasize the safety and necessity of endocrinological follow-up.
  • To advocate for improved training in transgender medicine for healthcare providers.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current understanding of testosterone therapy in transgender men.
  • Analysis of short- and middle-term safety profiles with adequate follow-up.
  • Assessment of the role of transgender medicine in medical education.

Main Results:

  • Testosterone therapy leads to desirable physical changes and improves mental health in transgender men.
  • The therapy is considered safe in the short and middle term when managed with appropriate endocrinological monitoring.
  • A significant number of transgender individuals seek gender-affirming care, indicating a need for accessible medical expertise.

Conclusions:

  • Gender-affirming hormonal therapy is an effective and safe treatment for transgender men.
  • Endocrinologists and hormone-prescribing physicians must be equipped to provide this care.
  • Integrating transgender medicine into medical curricula is essential to meet patient needs.