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Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Transgender Persons.

Cassie G Ackerley1, Tonia Poteat2, Colleen F Kelley3

  • 1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Center, 500 Irvin Ct, Suite 200, Decatur, GA 30030, USA.

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PubMed
Summary

Transgender individuals face higher rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) due to stigma and discrimination. This review covers HIV prevalence, risk factors, and prevention strategies like pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for this population.

Keywords:
Gender identityHIVHIV care continuumHormone therapyPreexposure prophylaxisSexual risk behaviorSexually transmitted infectionsTransgender

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Social Epidemiology

Background:

  • Transgender populations experience disproportionately high rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection globally.
  • Social and economic determinants of health are negatively impacted by pervasive stigma and discrimination, worsening HIV disparities.
  • Understanding these factors is crucial for addressing health inequities in transgender communities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the prevalence of HIV infection among transgender populations.
  • To identify psychosocial, behavioral, and individual factors contributing to HIV acquisition.
  • To present recommendations for patient-centered HIV/STI risk assessment and discuss prevention and treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing existing research on HIV in transgender populations.
  • Analysis of psychosocial, behavioral, and individual-level risk factors for HIV acquisition.
  • Examination of data on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and HIV treatment outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Significant HIV disparities exist within transgender populations worldwide.
  • Stigma, discrimination, and socioeconomic factors are key drivers of HIV acquisition.
  • Patient-centered risk assessment, PrEP, and effective HIV treatment are vital for prevention and care.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing the HIV epidemic in transgender communities requires a multifaceted approach.
  • Interventions must tackle stigma, discrimination, and social determinants of health.
  • Optimizing HIV prevention (PrEP) and treatment outcomes is essential for improving health for transgender people living with HIV.