Emerging Infectious Diseases

Area of Science:

• Global health
• Infectious diseases
• Public health

Background:

• Emerging infectious diseases (EID) and reemerging infectious diseases are increasing globally.
• Zoonotic diseases transmit from animals to humans via direct contact, food, water, or the environment.
• Vector-borne diseases represent a significant source of global mortality and morbidity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To highlight the increasing global threat of emerging and reemerging infectious diseases.
• To identify key types of infectious diseases, including zoonotic and vector-borne illnesses.
• To emphasize the role of nurses in managing EID within healthcare.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent emerging infectious diseases.
• Identification of common transmission routes for zoonotic diseases.
• Listing of significant vector-borne diseases and their causative agents.
• Discussion of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Mosquito-borne viruses like yellow fever, chikungunya, and dengue are significant threats.
• Recent EIDs include Candida auris, Elizabethkingia anopheles, the Lone Star tick, and avian influenza H7N2.
• The mcr-1 gene may facilitate the spread of drug resistance in gram-negative bacteria.

Conclusions:

• Nurses play a vital role in the identification and prevention of EID in healthcare settings.
• Understanding transmission routes and specific pathogens is critical for disease control.
• The rise of antimicrobial resistance poses an additional challenge in managing infectious diseases.