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Motoric cognitive risk syndrome, incident cognitive impairment and morphological brain abnormalities: Systematic

Harmehr Sekhon1, Gilles Allali2, Cyrille P Launay3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Sir Mortimer B. Davis - Jewish General Hospital and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty and Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Maturitas
|April 28, 2019
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR), a pre-dementia stage, predicts future cognitive impairment and dementia. This syndrome is linked to reduced grey matter volume and lacunar lesions, indicating potential screening utility in primary care.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Gerontology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR) is a pre-dementia stage characterized by slow walking speed and subjective cognitive impairment (SCI).
  • The clinical utility and underlying pathophysiology of MCR in predicting dementia remain unclear.
  • This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes MCR's association with cognitive decline and brain structure changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between MCR and incident cognitive impairment.
  • To examine MCR's relationship with cognitive performance.
  • To explore MCR's link to brain structural abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was performed using keywords related to walking, cognitive disorders, subjective cognitive impairment, subjective cognitive decline, and MCR.
  • Eleven studies were included in the meta-analysis, examining outcomes such as dementia incidence, cognitive performance, and brain structures.
  • Statistical analysis involved pooling hazard ratios (HR) and assessing associations with neuroimaging findings.

Main Results:

  • MCR significantly predicts incident cognitive impairment (HR = 1.70) and dementia (HR = 2.50).
  • MCR is associated with reduced grey matter volume in premotor and prefrontal cortex regions.
  • Associations were also found with lacunar lesions in the frontal lobe, but not with white matter abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • MCR serves as a predictor for cognitive impairment and dementia, highlighting its potential as a screening tool in primary care.
  • The observed associations with grey matter reduction and lacunar lesions suggest complex and potentially multifactorial pathophysiology.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the mechanisms underlying MCR.
Keywords:
Cognitive impairmentEpidemiologyMotricityOlder adultsPrediction

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