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Selective sensorimotor modulation operates during cognitive representation of movement.

Gaia Bonassi1, Ambra Bisio1, Giovanna Lagravinese1

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine, section of Human Physiology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.

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Summary

Sensorimotor modulation, involving short latency afferent inhibition (SAI), occurs before both imagined and executed movements. This suggests shared neural circuits for motor imagery and physical action preparation.

Keywords:
motor imageryprimary motor cortexsensorimotor modulationshort afferent inhibitiontranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

  • Motor control relies on precise sensorimotor integration.
  • Primary motor cortex (M1) excitability is modulated by somatosensory inputs before movement onset.
  • It remains unclear if similar mechanisms apply to the cognitive representation of movement (motor imagery).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate sensorimotor modulation during the preparation of imagined movements.
  • To compare sensorimotor modulation during motor imagery versus movement execution.
  • To explore the relationship between sensorimotor modulation, motor imagery ability, and movement preparation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the short latency afferent inhibition (SAI) paradigm.
  • Assessed SAI before executed and imagined index finger or little finger abduction.
  • Measured SAI during the reaction time, before electromyography (EMG) activity.

Main Results:

  • A reduction in SAI was observed after the 'Go' signal for both imagined and executed movements in the relevant muscles.
  • Positive correlations were found between sensorimotor modulation during executed and imagined movements.
  • Sensorimotor modulation during motor imagery correlated positively with motor imagery ability.

Conclusions:

  • Sensorimotor modulation, characterized by selective disinhibition, operates during the cognitive representation of movement.
  • Mechanisms underlying sensorimotor modulation before mental and executed movements likely involve overlapping neural circuits.
  • Somatosensory afferent inputs are utilized during the cognitive planning of movements.